The Ultimate Sailing A-Z:
Key Sailing Terms at a Glance

Welcome to the ultimate sailing lexicon: the comprehensive sailing ABC for all sailing enthusiasts. Discover the fascinating world of sailing with our ultimate sailing lexicon! In this encyclopaedia of sailing terms, also known as our Sailing glossary or sailing wiki, you'll find everything you need to know to feel like a professional on the water. Whether you're a beginner taking your first steps into the world of sailing or an experienced seafarer looking to expand your knowledge – our sailing lexicon offers you detailed explanations of all the important terms and concepts of sailing.

The sailing ABC is designed to provide you with not only theoretical knowledge but also practical insights and tips. Whether you're looking for specific sailing terms or simply want to improve your general sailing knowledge , our sailing wiki delivers well-founded and easily understandable information. From 'anchor' through 'mainsail' to 'cyclones' – our sailing lexicon covers all the important terms you need to know in order to sail safely and confidently.

Why should you use our sailing ABC? A deep understanding of sailing-specific terms is the key to moving safely on the water and mastering every sailing situation with confidence. Our sailing wiki is optimised to provide you with precisely this knowledge. It is the ideal reference work for everyone who loves the sport of sailing and wants to continuously expand their knowledge.

Set the sails and discover the fascinating world of sailing with our comprehensive sailing glossary. Dive into our Segel-ABC and become a true connoisseur and lover of sailing with the help of our sailing wiki. Let our carefully compiled sailing glossary inspire and inform you – the perfect starting point for your journey on the water!

A – From Abdrift to Ausreiten

Abdrift

Abdrift (leeway) refers to the sideways movement of a boat caused by wind or current, which pushes it off its planned course. This deviation must be taken into account during navigation in order to hold the desired course. Knowledge of Abdrift is essential for precise navigation and safe seafaring.

Abfallen

Abfallen (bearing away) is the opposite of Anluven and means steering the sailing boat away from the wind. When bearing away, the sails are eased to better catch the wind and propel the boat forward more quickly. This manoeuvre is important for course changes and speed control.

Ablenkung

Ablenkung (deviation) refers to the deviation of the compass from the true direction due to magnetic influences on board the ship. These influences can be caused by metallic objects or electrical devices that disturb the magnetic field.

Ablenkungstabelle

An Ablenkungstabelle (deviation table) is a document containing the correction values for compass deviation (Ablenkung) in various heading directions. It helps the navigator determine the true direction by taking the compass deviation into account.

Abwettern

Abwettern (riding out bad weather) means steering a boat safely through bad weather. This includes techniques such as reefing the sails, adjusting the course and stabilising the boat in order to minimise damage and ensure the safety of the crew.

Achterliek

Achterliek (leech) is the trailing edge of a sail, running from the clew to the topmost corner of the sail. It is crucial for the shape and efficiency of the sail. Correct tension of the Achterliek prevents flapping and ensures optimal aerodynamics of the sail.

Achtern

Achtern (aft) means "rear" in sailing and refers to the back part of a boat or ship, as opposed to the bow. This area includes:

• the stern of the boat
• everything located in this zone, including the transom and the aft railing
• on sailing boats, the tiller or wheel is often located aft, which is essential for directional control.

Achtersteven

Achtersteven (sternpost) is the rear part of the ship's hull that forms the stern of the ship. It is an important structural component that ensures the stability and strength of the ship.

Achterleine

Achterleine (stern line) is a rope attached to the stern of a ship. It is used to hold the ship in position, especially when mooring at a jetty or buoy. The Achterleine ensures that the boat does not move sideways.

Achterspring

Achterspring (stern spring line) is a mooring line that runs from the stern of the boat forward to a point on land or another boat. It serves to hold the boat in position so that it cannot drift aft.

Admiral’s Cup

The Admiral’s Cup was a major international sailing regatta held from 1957 to 2003. It was regarded as the unofficial world championship in offshore sailing and attracted teams from various countries. The competition consisted of several races, held both inshore and offshore.

America’s Cup

The America’s Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious sailing regattas in the world. It has been held since 1851 and attracts the best sailing crews and the most modern yachts. The competition has a long tradition and is known for its intense and often controversial contests.

Anemometer

Anemometer (anemometer) is an instrument for measuring wind speed. It is an essential tool on board a ship, as it helps to monitor wind conditions and trim the sails accordingly.

Anker

Anker (anchor) is a heavy object attached to a chain or line and thrown into the water to hold a boat or ship in place. The anchor digs into the seabed and provides grip, preventing the boat from drifting due to wind or current. There are various types of anchors, such as the plough anchor and the fisherman's anchor, which are chosen depending on the seabed and boat type.

Ankerkette

Ankerkette (anchor chain) is an essential element when anchoring a ship. It connects the anchor to the ship and ensures that the anchor stays securely on the seabed. The length and weight of the anchor chain help the anchor stay firmly embedded in the seabed and keep the ship stable.

Ankerball

Ankerball (anchor ball) is a black ball hoisted at the bow of an anchored boat during the day to indicate that the boat is at anchor. This is an important signal for other boats to avoid collisions.

Ankerlicht

Ankerlicht (anchor light) is a white light hoisted at the highest point of the boat at night to indicate that the boat is at anchor. It provides visibility and safety in the dark.

Ankerwinsch

Ankerwinsch (anchor winch) is a mechanical device used to raise and lower the anchor. It can be operated manually or electrically and makes handling the heavy anchor and anchor chain much easier. An Ankerwinsch is particularly useful on larger boats and yachts, as it reduces physical strain and allows for safe anchoring.

Anluven

Anluven (luffing up) means steering the sailing boat closer to the wind. This manoeuvring term is important for changing the boat's direction and sailing more efficiently against the wind. When anluven, the sails are trimmed in tighter to make optimal use of the wind.

Anschlagen

Anschlagen (bending on) refers to attaching sails or lines to the appropriate points on the boat. This is an important step when setting the sails and requires knowledge of the correct knots and techniques.

Antifouling

Antifouling is a special coating applied to a boat's hull to prevent algae, mussels and other marine organisms from attaching themselves to it. These organisms can impair the boat's performance and efficiency by increasing water resistance and damaging the hull. Antifouling paints contain biocides that inhibit the growth of these organisms, keeping the hull clean. There are various types of antifouling coatings, including self-polishing, hard and eco-friendly variants, which can be selected depending on the area of use and boat type.

Astronavigation

Astronavigation (celestial navigation) is the art and science of navigating using celestial bodies such as the sun, moon, planets and stars. Before the introduction of modern GPS systems, it was the main method of determining position at sea and requires precise observations and calculations.

Aufklaren

Aufklaren (tidying up) refers to tidying and cleaning the vessel, particularly after a trip or before a stay in harbour. It includes stowing equipment, cleaning the deck and cabins, and checking the ship's systems.

Aufschießen

Aufschießen (heaving to / rounding up into the wind) is a manoeuvre in which the boat is turned into the wind in order to stop or slow it down. This is useful when berthing or in emergencies, to bring the boat to a standstill quickly.

Ausguck

The Ausguck (lookout) is a person or position on the ship from which the surroundings are observed. The lookout's task is to watch out for obstacles, other vessels or hazards in order to avoid collisions and ensure the safety of the ship. The lookout is usually positioned at an elevated point on the ship, such as the crow's nest or the bridge.

Ausreiten

Ausreiten (hiking out) is a technique in sailing in which the crew leans out of the boat to stabilise it and keep it upright. This is done especially in strong winds, to reduce the boat's heel and keep the sails working more efficiently in the wind. The crew often uses trapezes or special harnesses to hold themselves safely outside the boat. Hiking out requires strength and balance and is crucial for the boat's speed and control.

B – from Backbord to Bunkern

Backbord

Backbord (port) refers to the left-hand side of a ship when looking from stern to bow. This term is independent of the observer's position on the boat, ensuring clear communication on board. A simple mnemonic for remembering this term is that Steuerbord contains an “R” and is therefore on the right, while Backbord is on the left.

The terms Backbord und Steuerbord play a crucial role in navigation and communication on board, as they help avoid misunderstandings. The port-side navigation light on a ship shines red, while the starboard-side light shines green, which also contributes to safety, especially during night voyages.

Bändsel

Bändsel (lashings) are short pieces of rope or cord used to fasten or secure objects on board. They are versatile and an indispensable aid on every sailing boat.

Ballast

Ballast is weight placed in the keel or hull of a sailing boat to increase stability and prevent capsizing. The ballast can be made of lead, steel or other heavy materials and is crucial for the safety and performance of the boat.

Barometer

A barometer (Barometer) is an instrument for measuring air pressure. It is an essential tool on board a ship, as it helps predict changes in the weather. Falling air pressure can indicate an approaching storm, while rising air pressure suggests improving weather.

Baum

The Baum (boom) is a horizontal spar attached to the mast that holds the foot of the mainsail. It allows the sail to be set and trimmed and plays a key role in sailing performance. The boom can be made of wood, aluminium or carbon fibre.

Baumbremse

A boom brake is a safety device attached to the boom of a sailing boat to control the speed and movement of the boom. It prevents an uncontrolled swinging of the boom, also known as an accidental gybe, which can be particularly dangerous in strong winds or rough seas. The boom brake works through friction and can be manually adjusted to achieve the desired braking effect. This increases safety on board and protects the crew from injuries caused by the boom suddenly swinging across. A well-adjusted boom brake is crucial for the safe and efficient handling of the mainsail.

Baumniederholer

The Baumniederholer (boom vang/kicking strap) is a device that pulls the boom downwards to keep the sail flat and improve aerodynamics. This is especially important in strong winds to maintain control of the boat.

Beaufortskala

The Beaufortskala (Beaufort scale) is a scale for classifying wind strength, ranging from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane). It was developed by Sir Francis Beaufort and is an important tool for weather forecasting and navigation.

Befeuerung

Befeuerung (lighting/beaconage) refers to the illumination of navigation marks, coastlines and other important points for safe navigation at night. These lights are often colour-coded and flash in specific patterns.

Beidrehen

Beidrehen (heaving-to) is a manoeuvre in which the boat is steered so that it lies almost still in the water, often with the sails sheeted in tight. This is frequently used in emergencies or during manoeuvres such as reefing the sails. It is an important manoeuvre for the safety and control of the boat.

Bekneifen

Bekneifen (belaying/securing) refers to holding or fixing a sail or a line in order to keep it in a certain position. This can be done using various devices such as cleats or knots, and is important for controlling the set of the sails and ensuring sailing efficiency.

Belegen

Belegen (making fast) means fastening a rope or line by wrapping it around a bollard, cleat or belaying pin. This is a fundamental technique for mooring the boat safely or trimming the sails.

Bergen

Bergen (taking in) means taking in or securing a sail. This is especially important in strong winds or before mooring, in order to manoeuvre the sailing boat safely.

Besan

The Besan (mizzen) is the rearmost sail on a sailing boat, which is attached to a mizzen mast. It serves to provide stability and additional propulsion.

Bilge

The Bilge (bilge) is the lowest interior space of a boat, where water and other liquids can collect. Bilge pumps are used to remove this water and ensure the stability and safety of the boat. A dry bilge is a sign of a well-maintained boat.

Bimini

A Bimini (bimini top) is an open sun canopy fitted over the cockpit of a sailing boat. It provides protection from sun and rain without impairing visibility or the handling of the sails. Biminis are especially popular in warm climates and contribute to comfort on board.

Bindereff

A Bindereff (tied reef) is a method of reducing the sail area in strong winds. Parts of the sail are tied together with special lines (reef points) to make the sail smaller and easier to control.

Binnenschifffahrtsstraßenordnung

The Binnenschifffahrtsstraßenordnung (Inland Waterways Regulations, BinSchStrO) is a set of rules that establishes the traffic regulations and safety requirements for shipping on inland waterways in Germany. It contains provisions on navigation rules, signals, avoidance manoeuvres and other important aspects of inland shipping.

Blister

A Blister is a light, large foresail used in light winds. It resembles a spinnaker but is easier to handle and is often used on smaller boats. The Blister increases the sail area and improves boat speed in light wind.

Bodenseeschifferpatent

The Bodenseeschifferpatent is a special licence required to operate vessels on Lake Constance. It is required for anyone wishing to operate motorised vessels or sailing boats of a certain size and power on Lake Constance.

Boje

Boje (buoy) refers to a floating marker device anchored at a fixed position in the water. Buoys are used for navigation, as anchorage points, or to mark hazardous areas. They are often colour-coded and fitted with light signals to increase their visibility.

Bordkasse

The Bordkasse (ship's kitty) is a shared pool of money managed by a ship's crew. It serves to cover joint expenses during a trip, such as food, harbour fees, fuel and other necessary costs. The Bordkasse is usually set up at the start of the trip, with each crew member paying in a fixed amount.

Boat building

Bootsbau (boatbuilding) is the art and science of planning and building boats. It is a historic craft that requires knowledge in various disciplines such as mechanics, materials science and hydrodynamics. The boatbuilding process involves several steps:

• Planning and design: The first step in boatbuilding begins with detailed planning and design of the boat. This phase includes creating blueprints and models to visualise the final product.
• Choice of material: Boats can be built from various materials such as wood, fibreglass, metal (e.g. aluminium or steel) and composite materials. The choice of material depends on the intended use of the boat, the environmental conditions and the budget. The Sustainability in boatbuilding is playing an increasingly important role.
• Frame construction: This step involves building the basic skeleton or frame of the boat. For wooden boats, this often includes setting up the ribs and hull framework.
• Shell construction: Once the frame is complete, the boat's outer hull is fitted. This can involve attaching planking for wooden boats or laminating fibreglass for plastic boats.
• Interior fitting: The interior fitting includes installing decks, cabins, seating and other necessary structures and fittings.
• Technical systems: In modern boats, various technical systems are also installed, including engines, electrical systems, navigation instruments and pumping systems.
• Finishing and testing: Once construction is complete, the boat is often painted or given other waterproof coatings. Finally, a test phase follows to ensure the boat meets the desired specifications and is seaworthy.

Boatbuilding requires craftsmanship, technical knowledge and experience to create boats that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing. Historically, boatbuilding has played a crucial role in the development of humankind by enabling trade, transport and exploration.

Bootshaken

A Bootshaken (boat hook) is a long pole with a hook at the end, used to manoeuvre the boat, retrieve objects from the water, or hold onto a jetty.

Bootspruefung.de

Bootspruefung.de is an online platform for preparing for the powerboat licence (Sportbootführerschein). The site offers official exam questions, learning modules and practical explanations – ideal for preparing flexibly and efficiently for the theory exam.

Bora

The Bora is a cold, dry fall wind that occurs especially in the Adriatic. This wind forms when cold air masses plunge down from the mountains into the valley, gaining speed as they descend. The Bora Bora can be very strong and gusty, often with wind speeds exceeding 100 km/h. It occurs mainly in the winter months and can be dangerous for sailors, as it can arise suddenly and unexpectedly. The Bora brings clear visibility and dry weather, but can also cause severe storms and high waves. It is important to keep an eye on the weather forecast and prepare for possible Bora events when sailing in affected areas.

Böen

Böen (gusts) are sudden, brief blasts of wind that often occur unpredictably and can quickly change sailing conditions. They require quick reactions from the crew to keep the boat stable.

Bug

The Bug (bow) is the forward part of a boat or ship. It is specially shaped to minimise water resistance and improve seaworthiness. The Bug can take various forms, such as a pointed bow or a round bow, depending on the type of boat and its intended use.

Bugspriet

The Bugspriet (bowsprit) is a spar projecting forward from the bow, used to set headsails and increase sail area. It can also serve as a platform to make coming alongside easier.

Bugstrahlruder

A Bugstrahlruder (bow thruster) is a thruster fitted transversely to the boat's longitudinal axis in the bow area. It allows the boat to be manoeuvred sideways and makes docking and casting off easier in tight harbours. Bugstrahlruder are particularly useful on larger yachts and ships.

Bullenstander

A Bullenstander (boom preventer) is a line that secures the boom on the leeward side of the boat to prevent an uncontrolled gybe. The Bullenstander is often used in strong winds or rough seas to ensure the safety of the crew and the boat.

Bunkern

Bunkern (bunkering) refers to taking on fuel or other supplies on a ship. This usually takes place at special bunkering stations or ports. Bunkering is essential for longer sea voyages to ensure the supply of the ship and crew.

C – from Centerboard to Cutter

Centerboard

A Centerboard (centreboard) is a retractable keel mounted in the middle of the boat that improves stability and course control. It can be raised or lowered as needed to optimise manoeuvrability.

Charter

Charter refers to hiring a sailing boat for a specific period. Charter boats are often fully equipped and offer a flexible way to explore different sailing areas.

Clamcleat

A Clamcleat (cam cleat) is a device used to quickly and securely fix a line in place. It is particularly useful for rapidly trimming sails and securing lines.

Clipper

A Clipper is a fast sailing ship from the 19th century that was used to transport cargo, particularly tea and wool. Clippers are known for their sleek design and high speed.

Code Zero

The Code Zero is a special sail, positioned between a jib and a spinnaker. It is used in light winds and offers high speed and efficiency. The Code Zero is particularly useful in regattas and long-distance races.

Compass

A Compass is a navigation instrument used to determine cardinal direction. It is an indispensable tool for navigation at sea and helps to maintain the boat's course.

Crew

The Crew refers to the team of a sailing boat responsible for steering, trimming the sails and navigation. A well-coordinated crew is essential for the safety and efficiency of sailing.

Cuddy

A Cuddy (cuddy cabin) is a small, enclosed space below deck that is used for storage or as a sleeping area. Cuddys are commonly found on smaller sailing boats and offer protection from the elements.

Cunningham

The Cunningham (cunningham) is a line used to increase the tension of a sail's luff. By tightening the Cunningham, the shape of the sail can be adjusted to maximise efficiency.

Cockpit

The Cockpit (cockpit), also known as the Plicht, is the open part of the boat on deck where the crew stays while underway. It is the area from which the crew steers the boat and makes important decisions. The Cockpit is usually located aft, but can also be amidships on some boats.

A cockpit provides protection from spray and wind and is often designed to be watertight and self-draining, so that any water that gets in is quickly drained away. This design is especially important for the safety and comfort of the crew, particularly in rough weather conditions.

Cockpit-Abdeckung

A Cockpit\-Abdeckung (cockpit cover) is a tarpaulin or canopy that protects the cockpit from the weather. It is particularly useful for keeping the cockpit dry and clean when the boat is not in use.

Cockpit-Boden

The Cockpit\-Boden (cockpit floor) is the floor area of the cockpit, which is often designed to be non\-slip to ensure the safety of the crew. A well\-designed Cockpit\-Boden is essential for stability and safety on board.

Cockpit-Drainage

The Cockpit-Drainage (cockpit drainage) is a system that channels water out of the cockpit to keep it dry and safe. Effective drainage is essential for the safety and comfort of the crew, especially in rough weather conditions.

Cockpit-Licht

A Cockpit-Licht (cockpit light) is a lighting fixture in the cockpit area that provides visibility and safety at night. It can be fixed or portable and is particularly useful for manoeuvres and activities carried out after dark.

Cockpit seat

A cockpit seat is a seating area in the cockpit that provides comfort and support for the crew. These seats are often padded and ergonomically designed to make long trips more pleasant.

Cockpitsüll

A Cockpitsüll (cockpit coaming) is a raised edge or frame around the cockpit of a sailing boat. This structure serves to prevent water from entering the cockpit and provides additional protection for the crew

Cockpit table

A cockpit table is a foldable or permanently installed table in the cockpit area, which serves as a dining or working surface. It offers additional comfort and functionality, especially on longer trips.

Cockpit upholstery

The cockpit upholstery includes the covering and padding of the cockpit area, which provides additional comfort and protection. Well-designed upholstery can extend the lifespan of the cockpit and increase comfort for the crew.

Curryklemme

A Curryklemme (jam cleat) is a type of clamp used to fix lines quickly and securely. It consists of a spring-loaded mechanism that clamps the line and prevents it from coming loose. Curryklemmen are commonly found on sailing boats and make it easier to quickly adjust and secure sails and other lines.

Cutter

A Cutter is a sailing boat with a single mast and two or more headsails. This configuration offers flexibility and efficiency in various wind conditions and is particularly popular among long-distance sailors.

D – from Dalben to Dyneema

Dalben

Dalben (mooring dolphins) are posts anchored in the water that serve as mooring or berthing points for boats and ships. They provide a stable and reliable way to moor a boat securely and are frequently used in harbours and landing stages. Dalben can be made of wood, steel or concrete and are designed to withstand the stresses caused by wind, waves and currents. They are an important part of harbour infrastructure and contribute to safety and order in busy waterways.

Daysailor

A Daysailor is a small sailing boat designed for day trips and short sailing outings. It offers easy access to sailing and is ideal for beginners and leisure sailors who don't plan on staying overnight aboard.

Davits

Davits are crane arms mounted on board a ship that are used for hoisting and lowering tenders or other heavy loads. They are particularly useful for the safe handling of tenders.

Deck

The Deck (deck) is the uppermost, walkable surface of a boat, serving as a working and living area. It provides space for the crew and equipment and is often fitted with a non-slip coating to increase safety.

Deckshaus

A Deckshaus (deckhouse) is a structure built on the deck that provides additional protection and living space. It can be used as a steering position, living area or storage space and increases comfort on board.

Decksleine

A Decksleine (deck line) is a rope used on the deck of a boat to carry out various tasks, such as securing sails or fastening equipment. It is a versatile and indispensable tool on board.

Decksventil

A Decksventil (deck vent) is an opening in the deck used for ventilation and drainage. It allows water to drain away and improves air circulation inside the boat, helping to prevent damp and mould.

Deviation

In sailing and navigation, the term Deviation (also known as Ablenkung known) refers to the deviation of the compass, which is caused by magnetic influences on the boat itself. These influences may originate from metallic objects, electronic devices or other magnetic materials on board that locally affect the Earth's magnetic field.

• Metallic materials: Elements such as engines, metal fittings or anchor chains can alter the magnetic field around the compass and lead to inaccurate readings.
• Electronic devices: Devices such as radar sets, radios or speakers generate their own magnetic fields, which can also affect the compass.
• Other magnetic influences: Items such as large tools or magnetised objects on board can cause deviation.

Deviation varies depending on the direction the boat is travelling, as the relative positions of the interfering objects to the compass change. For this reason, a deviation table is often created, indicating the corresponding deviations for various compass headings. 

Dichtholen

Dichtholen (trimming/sheeting in) means tightening a line or sail. This is particularly important to ensure the optimal shape and efficiency of the sail and to maintain control of the boat.

Dinghi

A Dinghi (dinghy) is a small tender used for short trips from the anchorage to the shore or for rescue manoeuvres. It can be rowed, sailed or powered by an outboard motor and is an indispensable tool for every sailor.

Dirk

The Dirk (topping lift) is a line that supports the boom of a sailing boat and holds it in position to prevent it from dropping when the sail is not set. It is particularly important when hoisting and lowering the sail, to ensure the safety and efficiency of the manoeuvre.

Dirken

Dirken (peaking up/lowering the boom) refers to the hoisting or lowering of the topping lift, a line that supports and positions the boom of a sailing boat. A well-adjusted topping lift is crucial for sailing performance and for protecting the rig.

Doppelruder

A Doppelruder (twin rudder) is a steering system in which two rudder blades are used to improve the manoeuvrability and stability of the boat. This is particularly useful on catamarans and other multihulls.

Drift

Drift (drift) refers to the sideways deviation of a boat from its planned course caused by wind or current. This deviation must be taken into account during navigation in order to maintain the desired course.

Drifter

A Drifter (drifter) is a lightweight headsail used in light winds. It resembles a spinnaker but is easier to handle and is often used on smaller boats to increase sail area and boost speed.

Duchten

Duchten (thwarts) are the cross benches in a rowing boat on which the rowers sit. They provide stability and comfort while rowing and are often made of wood or plastic.

Duchtspanten

Duchtspanten (thwart frames) are reinforcements beneath the thwarts that contribute to the stability and strength of the boat. They ensure that the thwarts are securely and firmly attached and that the boat can withstand the stresses of rowing.

Dünung

Dünung (swell) refers to long, rolling waves caused by distant winds or storms that travel over great distances. Swell can significantly affect the passage of a sailing boat and requires particular attention during navigation.

Düse

A Düse (nozzle) is an opening or device that regulates the flow of liquids or gases. In shipping, it is often used in conjunction with pumps or ventilation systems to optimise efficiency and performance.

DSC

DSC stands for Digital Selective Calling and is a digital communication system used in maritime navigation to send distress calls and routine communication. It is an important part of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and enhances safety at sea.

Dyneema

Dyneema is a high-strength, lightweight synthetic fibre often used for ropes and lines on sailing boats. It offers excellent strength and durability and is resistant to abrasion and UV radiation.

E – From Ebbe to Ewer

Ebbe

Ebbe (low tide) is the period during which the sea level falls until it reaches its lowest point, before the flood tide begins. This cycle is caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun and repeats approximately every 12 hours. Ebbe and flood are essential elements of the tides, which greatly influence maritime life and shipping. During Ebbe, the water masses retreat from the shore, exposing mudflats that can be explored on foot. Ebbe is particularly important for planning Sailing Trips and harbour manoeuvres, as it significantly affects water levels and currents.

Ebbstrom

Ebbstrom (ebb current) is the current that flows from the land towards the sea during Ebbe. This current can affect navigation and must be taken into account when planning a route.

Echolot

An Echolot (echo sounder) is a device that uses sound waves to measure water depth. It is an important navigation instrument for avoiding shallows and obstacles.

Eigner

Eigner refers to the person who owns the ship or boat. The Eigner (owner) is responsible for the upkeep, financing and management of the boat. In many cases, the Eigner is also the person who sails the boat, particularly with smaller boats. However, with larger vessels the Eigner may employ a crew to operate and maintain the boat. The Eigner has the final say in all matters concerning the ship, including participation in regattas, choice of crew and route planning.

Einklarieren

Einklarieren (clearing in) is the process by which a ship completes the necessary formalities with the harbour authorities upon arrival in a foreign port. This includes presenting documents such as ship's papers, crew lists and customs forms. Einklarieren is required in order to legalise entry into the country and the stay in port.

Einhandsegeln

Einhandsegeln (single-handed sailing) means steering and operating a sailing boat alone. This requires particular skills and knowledge, as all manoeuvres and tasks must be carried out by one person.

Einheitsklasse

An Einheitsklasse (one-design class) is a class of sailing boats in which all boats are built to the same plans and specifications. This means that all boats in this class are almost identical, allowing for fair competition, since the sailors' skills are what counts rather than technical differences between the boats. One-design classes are especially popular in regattas, as they increase equality of opportunity and place the focus on sailing technique and tactics.

Einpicken

Einpicken means hooking a line or shackle into an eye or ring. This is a basic technique in sailing used to secure sails, halyards or other pieces of equipment safely.

Einreffen

Einreffen (reefing in) is the reduction of sail area in strong wind to improve the stability and control of the boat. This is done by taking in part of the sail and securing the reef points.

Einrollen

Einrollen (furling) refers to rolling up a sail, particularly with furling systems. This is a simple method of reducing sail area and making the sail easier to handle.

Einstechende Knoten

Einstechende Knoten (bight knots) are knots in which the end of the rope is passed through a loop or a ring. Examples include the bowline (Palstek) and the clove hitch (Webeleinenstek). These knots are particularly useful for securing lines to fixed points.

Einziehbarer Kiel

Einziehbarer Kiel (retractable keel) is a keel that can be raised or lowered as required. This allows the boat to sail in shallow waters while still ensuring stability in deep water.

Eissegeln

Eissegeln (ice sailing) is a special form of sailing that takes place on frozen waters. It uses special sailing sledges, known as ice yachts, which glide over the ice on runners. These sledges are fitted with a sail and, driven by the wind, can reach high speeds. Ice sailing requires particular skills and knowledge, as conditions on ice differ from those on water. It is an exciting and fast-paced winter sport, practised mainly in regions with long, cold winters. Safety is especially important in ice sailing, as the ice must be stable and load-bearing to avoid accidents.

Elektrowinsch

Elektrowinsch (electric winch) is an electrically powered winch that makes it easier to hoist and lower sails or other heavy loads. It reduces physical effort and improves efficiency while sailing.

Endlosfall

Endlosfall (endless halyard) is a continuous line used for setting and lowering sails. This design allows continuous hoisting and lowering of the sail without loose ends.

Ententeich

Ententeich (duck pond) is a colloquial expression for a calm, windless stretch of water. Such conditions are often undesirable when sailing, as they make progress difficult.

Entmastung

Entmastung (dismasting) refers to the unintentional loss of the mast, often due to breakage or rigging failure. This is a serious situation that greatly impairs the boat's manoeuvrability.

Epirb

Epirb (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) stands for exactly that. It is an emergency radio beacon that, in an emergency, sends a signal to rescue services to determine the boat's position and provide assistance.

Erbswurst

Erbswurst (pea sausage) is a traditional, long-lasting food that was often carried on long sea voyages. It is a type of pea soup in solid form that is easy to prepare and nutritious.

Erster Offizier

The Erste Offizier (first officer) is the highest\-ranking officer after the captain and is responsible for navigation and the day\-to\-day running of the ship. He or she often takes charge of watch duties and is responsible for the safety of the crew and the vessel.

Etmal

Etmal (day's run) refers to the distance covered by a ship within 24 hours, measured from noon to noon. This measurement is important for navigation and voyage planning.

Exzenterklemme

An Exzenterklemme (cam cleat) is a device used to secure lines. It consists of a rotating cam that grips the line, preventing it from slipping.

Extra-Topping-Lift

An Extra-Topping-Lift (extra topping lift) is an additional line used to support the boom of the sailing boat, especially in strong winds or with a heavy sail. This increases the safety and stability of the rig.

Ewer

An Ewer is a traditional, usually two-masted sailing ship that was used in coastal shipping. Ewers were known for their robustness and versatility and were often used for transporting goods

F – from Fahrtwind to Fuß

Fahrtwind

Fahrtwind (apparent wind caused by the vessel's motion) is the wind created by the movement of the ship relative to the air. It is composed of the true wind, which blows independently of the ship's movement, and the wind generated by the ship's own speed. The Fahrtwind influences the sail trim and the speed of the ship and must always be taken into account when navigating and trimming the sails.

Fahrwasser

Fahrwasser (fairway) is the marked and navigable area of a body of water that is designated for shipping. It is indicated by sea marks such as buoys and beacons and provides a safe passage through shallows and other obstacles. Knowledge of the Fahrwasser is essential for navigation and safety on the water.

Fäkalientank

A Fäkalientank (holding tank) is a special container on board a vessel used to collect and store waste water and sewage. It is an important part of the onboard toilet system and helps to comply with environmental regulations by preventing waste water from being discharged into the sea.

Fall

Fall (halyard) is a line used to hoist or lower a sail. It runs from the deck to the top of the mast and allows the sail to be raised and lowered.

Faltpropeller

A Faltpropeller (folding propeller) is a propeller whose blades fold together when not in use to minimise water resistance. This improves sailing performance and reduces fuel consumption. Folding propellers are particularly popular on sailing yachts.

Fastnet Race

The Fastnet Race is one of the most famous and demanding offshore regattas in the world. It has been held since 1925 and runs from Cowes on the Isle of Wight around the Fastnet Rock off the south coast of Ireland and back to Plymouth. The regatta is notorious for its difficult weather conditions and strong currents, which challenge even experienced sailors. The Fastnet Race is part of the Rolex Fastnet Series and attracts sailors from all over the world.

Fehlweisung

Fehlweisung (compass deviation) refers to the deviation of the compass from the true direction caused by magnetic influences on board the vessel. These influences can be caused by metal objects or electrical equipment that disturb the magnetic field. Fehlweisung must be checked and corrected regularly to ensure accurate navigation.

Fender

A Fender (fender) is a device fitted to the side of a boat to protect it from impacts and damage when berthing or coming into contact with other boats. It serves as a cushioning material or plastic fitting.

Festfeuer

A Festfeuer (fixed light) is a permanently installed navigation light used to mark coastlines, harbour entrances or other important points. It shines continuously and helps ships with orientation and navigation, especially at night or in poor visibility.

Fieren

Fieren (to ease) means loosening a line or sail to reduce wind pressure and adjust the sail trim. It is the opposite of Dichtholen (sheeting in).

Finne

Finne (fin) is a flat, vertical component beneath the hull of a sailing boat that provides stability and improves course control. It prevents sideways drift and contributes to the boat's manoeuvrability. Fin designs vary depending on the type of boat and its intended use.

Flachkiel

Flachkiel (flat keel) is a type of keel with less draught, making it suitable for shallow waters. It offers less stability than a deeper keel but allows for sailing in shallow areas.

Flaggenzertifikat

Flaggenzertifikat (flag certificate) is an official document confirming a vessel's nationality and entitling it to fly the flag of the corresponding country. It serves as important proof of the vessel's registration and identity and is issued by the relevant authorities.

Flaggenalphabet

Flaggenalphabet (flag alphabet) is an internationally recognised system of signal flags, in which each flag represents a letter or number. It is used for communication between ships, particularly when radios are not working or at traditional sailing events. Each flag has a specific meaning and can convey important information.

Flaschenzug

Flaschenzug (block and tackle) is a system of ropes and pulleys used to lift or move heavy loads. It reduces the force required and makes handling on board easier.

Flaute

Flaute (calm/lull) refers to a windless weather condition, in which little or no wind is blowing. These conditions are unfavourable for sailing boats, as they severely limit the propulsion provided by the sails. In such situations, sailors often have to rely on the engine or wait for wind.

Flottille

Flottille (flotilla) is a group of boats or ships that sail or operate together. In recreational sailing, a flotilla often refers to an organised group of sailing boats travelling a particular route together. This style of sailing gives participants the opportunity to sail in the company of other boats, which can be both safer and more sociable. Flotillen are often organised by charter companies and usually include an experienced skipper who leads the group and provides support when needed.

Flotillas are especially popular with beginner sailors or less experienced sailors, as they offer the opportunity to sail under guidance while still enjoying the freedom and fun of sailing. Participants can benefit from the experience and knowledge of the flotilla leader while exploring new sailing areas. A flotilla also offers the chance to meet new people and share common experiences, making the sailing adventure even more rewarding.

Flut

Flut (high tide) is the period during which the water level in the sea rises until it reaches its highest point, before the ebb tide sets in. This cycle is caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun and repeats approximately every 12 hours. High tide and low tide are essential elements of the tides, which strongly influence maritime life and shipping.

Fock

The Fock (jib) is a triangular Vorsegel, which is set in front of the mast. It is an essential sail for the balance and propulsion of a sailing boat, particularly when sailing close-hauled.

Fockbaum

A Fockbaum (jib boom) is a horizontal spar used to extend the jib and control its shape. It is often used on gaff rigs.

Fockfall

The Fockfall (jib halyard) is the line used to hoist or lower the jib. It runs from the deck to the top of the forestay.

Fockmast

The Fockmast (foremast) is the forward mast on a multi-masted sailing ship. It carries the jib and other headsails.

Fockrahe

The Fockrahe (jib yard) is the yard to which the jib of a square-rigger is attached. It allows the sail to be set and trimmed.

Fockroller

A Fockroller (jib furler) is a device that allows the jib to be easily rolled up and reefed. This makes handling the headsail easier in changing wind conditions.

Fockrutscher

A Fockrutscher (jib slider) is a device that allows the jib to be moved along the forestay. This makes setting and lowering the sail easier.

Fockschot

Fockschot (jib sheet) is a line used to trim the jib and adjust its position relative to the wind. It is crucial for controlling and optimising the efficiency of the headsail.

Fockstag

Fockstag (forestay) is a wire that supports the mast from the front and serves as an attachment point for the jib. It contributes to the stability of the rig.

Focksegel

Focksegel (headsail) is a general term for all sails set in front of the mast. It includes the jib, the genoa and other similar sails.

Fockstagspanner

Fockstagspanner (forestay tensioner) is a device used to adjust the tension of the forestay. This is important for correct rig tuning and stability.

Focktop

Focktop (jib mast top) is the upper part of the jib mast. It serves as an attachment point for the jib halyard and other rigging.

Fockwinde

Fockwinde (jib winch) is a mechanical device used to trim the jib sheet. It makes handling easier and allows for precise adjustments.

Fockyacht

Fockyacht (jib yacht) is a yacht mainly equipped with a jib as its headsail. It is known for its simple handling and good performance when sailing close-hauled.

Fockzwiesel

Fockzwiesel (jib spreader) is a horizontal spar that supports the jib mast and serves as an attachment point for rigging. It contributes to the stability and functionality of the rig.

Cargo sailing vessel

Frachtsegler (cargo sailing ship) is a sailing vessel used for transporting goods. Historically, cargo sailing ships were important trading vessels before motorised ships came to dominate seafaring.

Freibord

Freibord (freeboard) is the distance between the waterline and the top edge of the boat's hull. A higher freeboard provides more protection from waves and spray.

Funkgerät

A Funkgerät (radio) is a communication device used for the wireless transmission of voice and data via radio waves. It is an indispensable tool for communication at sea and enables contact with other vessels, coastal stations and rescue services. Funkgeräte are particularly important for safety and coordination in emergencies.

Funkrufe

Funkrufe (radio calls) are standardised messages sent via radio devices to convey important information or call for help. Examples include distress calls such as „Mayday“ in life-threatening situations or „Pan-Pan“ for urgent but non-life-threatening situations. Funkrufe follow specific protocols to avoid misunderstandings.

Furling

Furling (sail furling) refers to rolling up a sail, particularly on roller reefing systems. This makes handling easier and allows the sail area to be reduced in strong winds.

Fuß

The Fuß (foot) is a unit of measurement commonly used in shipping to measure the length of boats and other objects. One Fuß equals 30.48 centimetres. This unit of measurement is particularly widespread in English\-speaking countries and is often used in combination with other units such as knots for speed.

G – from Gaffer to Großsegeltrim

Gaffel

The Gaffel (gaff) is a horizontal spar that supports the upper end of a gaff sail. It gives the sail its characteristic sha

Gaffelrigg

A Gaffelrigg (gaff rig) is a rigging in which the mainsail is attached to a gaff. It offers more sail area and flexibility in sail trimming.

Gaffelsegel

The Gaffelsegel (gaff sail) is a four-sided sail attached to a gaff. It offers a larger sail area than a triangular sail and is often used on traditional sailing boats.

Gaffeltakelung

Gaffeltakelung (gaff rig) refers to the entire arrangement of the gaff, the mast and the associated lines and blocks used to set and trim the gaff sail.

Gangway

A Gangway is a movable bridge or ramp used to enable access between a ship and the shore or another ship. It is particularly important when docking in harbours or at jetties, to allow safe boarding and disembarking

Geitau

The Geitau (buntline) is a line used to reef or gather a square sail. It runs through the leech of the sail and is attached to the yard.

Gelcoat

Gelcoat is a protective outer layer applied to the surface of boat hulls and other fibre-reinforced plastic parts. It serves to protect the structure from water, UV rays and mechanical damage. Gelcoat gives the boat a smooth, glossy surface and is available in various colours. It is important to maintain and repair the gelcoat layer regularly to ensure the longevity of the boat.

Gennaker

The Gennaker (gennaker) is a special headsail that is a combination of a genoa and a spinnaker , used in reaching winds and offering a large sail area.

Gennakerbaum

A Gennakerbaum (gennaker pole) is an extendable spar used to set the gennaker further ahead of the boat. This improves sail trim and efficiency in reaching winds.

Gennakerfall

The Gennakerfall (gennaker halyard) is the line used to hoist and lower the gennaker. It runs from the deck to the top of the mast.

Gennakerschot

The Gennakerschot (gennaker sheet) is a line used to trim the gennaker and adjust its position relative to the wind. It is crucial for controlling and optimising the sail's efficiency.

Genua

The Genua (genoa) is a large headsailthat extends further aft than the jib. It is used to generate more propulsion in light winds.

Genua-Reff

Genua-Reff (genoa reef) is a device that makes it possible to reduce the sail area of the genoa in order to improve the boat's stability and control in strong winds.

Genuaschlitten

Genuaschlitten (genoa car) is a moveable fitting that runs along a track and serves as an attachment point for the genoa sheet. It allows precise trimming of the genoa.

Genuaschot

Genuaschot (genoa sheet) is a line used to trim the genoa and adjust its position relative to the wind. It is crucial for controlling and optimising the efficiency of the headsail.

Geografische Breite

Geografische Breite (latitude) indicates how far a point lies north or south of the equator. It is measured in degrees (°), with the equator at 0°, the North Pole at 90° North and the South Pole at 90° South. Parallels of latitude run parallel to the equator and are equally spaced from one another. This coordinate is essential for determining a location's climate and length of daylight.

Geografische Länge

Geografische Länge (longitude) indicates how far a point lies east or west of the prime meridian, which runs through Greenwich, London. It is likewise measured in degrees (°), with the prime meridian at 0°. Meridians of longitude run from pole to pole and are not parallel, meeting instead at the poles. Longitude ranges from 0° to 180° East and 0° to 180° West. This coordinate is important for determining time and for navigation.

Gezeiten

Gezeiten (tides) are the regular fluctuations in sea level caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. They affect navigation and berthing in harbours.

Gieren

Gieren (yawing) refers to the rotational movement of a ship around its vertical axis. This movement is often caused by uneven currents, wind or uneven weight distribution. Yawing can affect the stability and course of the ship and often requires corrective action using the helm or other steering mechanisms. Understanding and controlling yawing is important for the safe and precise navigation of a ship.

Gleitkiel

A Gleitkiel (shoal keel) is a flat keel with a shallow draught, making it suitable for shallow waters. It offers less stability than a deeper keel but allows sailing in shallow areas.

GPS

GPS, or Global Positioning System, is a satellite-based navigation system that makes it possible to determine the exact position of a vessel on the Earth. It works by using signals transmitted from a constellation of satellites. GPS is an indispensable tool for modern navigation and provides accurate information about location, speed and course. It significantly improves the safety and efficiency of shipping.

Grommet

A grommet is a reinforced eyelet in the sail through which lines or sheets are led. It protects the sail material from wear and damage.

Großbaum

The Großbaum (boom) is the horizontal spar to which the foot of the mainsail is attached. It enables the setting and trimming of the sail.

Großfall

The Großfall (main halyard) is the line used to hoist and lower the Großsegel (mainsail). It runs from the deck to the upper part of the mast.

Großmast

The Großmast (mainmast) is the principal mast of a sailing boat, to which the mainsail and other rigging are attached. It is normally the tallest mast on board.

Großschot

The Großschot (mainsheet) is a line used to trim the mainsail and adjust its position relative to the wind. It is crucial for the control and efficiency of the sail.

Großsegel

The Großsegel (mainsail) is the principal sail of a sailing boat, which is attached to the mast and boom. It is the largest sail and plays a central role in propelling the boat.

Großsegellatte

A Großsegellatte (batten) is a flexible slat that is inserted into the mainsail to support its shape and prevent fluttering. It improves the aerodynamics of the sail.

Großsegelreff

A Großsegelreff (mainsail reef) is an arrangement that makes it possible to reduce the sail area of the mainsail in order to improve the boat's stability and control in strong winds.

Großsegeltrim

The Großsegeltrim (mainsail trim) covers all the adjustments made to optimise the shape and tension of the mainsail. This is essential for the sail's efficiency and performance.

H – from Hafengeld to H-Beschlag

Hafengeld

Hafengeld (harbour dues) is a fee charged to vessels for using the harbour infrastructure. This fee covers the cost of services and facilities such as berths, waste disposal, water and electricity supply, and safety measures in the harbour. The amount of Hafengeld can vary depending on the harbour, the type of vessel and the length of stay. Hafengeld is an important source of income for harbours and contributes to the maintenance and improvement of harbour facilities.

Hafenmeister

The Hafenmeister (harbour master) is the person responsible for the administration and operation of a harbour. The Hafenmeister's duties include allocating berths, monitoring compliance with safety and environmental regulations, and assisting vessels with berthing and casting-off manoeuvres. The Hafenmeister also acts as a point of contact for crews and ensures that harbour operations run smoothly. Good cooperation with the Hafenmeister is essential for a safe and efficient stay in port.

Hahnepot

A Hahnepot (bridle) is an arrangement consisting of two lines that converge at one point and are attached at another. It is used to distribute loads evenly and increase stability.

Halbwindkurs

A Halbwindkurs (beam reach) is a point of sail where the wind comes from the side of the boat. It is a fast and efficient point of sail that is often used when cruising.

Halse

A Halse (gybe) is a manoeuvre in which the stern of the boat is turned through the wind to change course. It is an important manoeuvre that must be carried out carefully in order to maintain control.

Hand for a bunk

Hand for a bunk is a principle that is often used within the sailing community. It describes an arrangement in which a person offers their labour on a sailing boat in exchange for accommodation and meals. This can apply to short trips as well as longer sailing trips This work can include various tasks, such as steering, setting sails, maintenance work or cooking on board. This principle allows sailors to travel cost-effectivelywhile boat owners gain support with crewing.

Havarie

Havarie (damage/accident) refers to an accident or mishap in shipping traffic, in which the ship, cargo or crew suffer damage. Havarie can be caused by various factors such as collisions, groundings, fire or technical faults. The consequences of a Havarie can be considerable and often require extensive rescue and salvage operations. It is important that the crew is well prepared for emergencies and knows the appropriate safety precautions in order to be able to react quickly and effectively in the event of a Havarie.

Heck

The Heck (stern) is the rear part of a boat or ship. It is the area opposite the bow and often houses the helm and the propulsion unit. A well-designed Heck contributes to the stability and manoeuvrability of the boat.

Heckanker

A Heckanker (stern anchor) is an anchor that is specifically attached to the stern of a boat. It is used to hold the boat in a fixed position and to prevent it from swinging.

Heckkorb

The Heckkorb (stern pulpit) is a railing at the stern of a boat that serves as a safety measure. It prevents people or objects from falling overboard.

Hecklicht

Hecklicht (stern light) is a navigation light fitted at the stern of a boat. It shows other boats the position and direction of travel and is especially important during night sailing.

Heckspiegel

Heckspiegel (transom) is the vertical surface at the rear end of the boat. It often serves as a mounting point for outboard motors and other equipment.

Heckstrahlruder

Heckstrahlruder (stern thruster) is a rudder fitted transversely to the boat's longitudinal axis in the stern area. It allows the boat to manoeuvre sideways and makes docking and casting off in tight harbours easier.

Heckwelle

Heckwelle (stern wave) is the wave created by the movement of the boat through the water. It can affect stability and comfort on board.

Helling

Helling (slipway) is a sloped surface on which boats are built or repaired. It allows the boat to be easily lowered into the water or lifted out of it.

Heißschot

Heißschot (hoisting sheet) is a line used to trim the mainsail or the genoa. It is essential for controlling and optimising the sail's efficiency.

Hiev

Hiev (heave) is a command meaning that a line or sail is to be hoisted. It is a basic term in nautical language.

Hochwasser

Hochwasser (high tide) refers to the highest water level during the tide. It is an important factor when planning sailing trips and harbour manoeuvres.

Holeschot

Holeschot (trimming sheet) is a line used to haul the sail in tighter and adjust its position relative to the wind. It is essential for sail trimming.

Holepunkt

Holepunkt (sheeting point) is the point where the sheet is attached to the rail or the deck. Its position influences the shape and efficiency of the sail.

Hubkiel

A lifting keel (Hubkiel) is a special type of keel fitted to a sailing boat that can be adjusted in height. This allows the boat's draught to be reduced, which is particularly useful when sailing in shallow waters or mooring in harbours with limited water depth. The lifting keel can be operated manually or hydraulically and offers flexibility as well as improved manoeuvrability. By raising the keel, the boat can also be transported or serviced more easily. A lifting keel thus significantly improves the versatility and range of uses of a sailing boat.

Hufeisenboje

Hufeisenboje (horseshoe buoy) is a floating rescue aid in the shape of a horseshoe. It is used to support people in the water and make their rescue easier.

Hundekoje

Hundekoje (dog berth) is a small, cramped sleeping space on board a sailing boat, often located below deck. The name derives from its resemblance to a dog basket, as the berth usually offers little space and is often built into a corner or under a bench seat. These berths are particularly useful in rough weather, as they provide protection and stability and prevent crew members from falling out of bed. Dog berths are typical of smaller boats or traditional sailing ships, where space is limited. They are an essential part of the sleeping arrangements on board and contribute to the safety and comfort of the crew.

Hundewache

Hundewache (dog watch) is a shift period during the night, typically from midnight to 4am. It is often the most exhausting watch for the crew.

Hurricane

A hurricane is a powerful tropical cyclone that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. These storms form over warm oceans and are characterised by very high wind speeds and heavy rainfall. Hurricanes can cause significant damage to coastal areas, including strong winds, storm surges and flooding. The intensity of a hurricane is measured on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which ranges from Category 1 (less severe) to Category 5 (extremely severe). It is important to monitor weather forecasts and warnings and take appropriate precautions when sailing in areas that could be affected by hurricanes.

Hurrikansegel

A Hurrikansegel (hurricane sail) is a small, strong sail used in extreme weather conditions. It is designed to withstand high wind speeds.

Hydraulik

Hydraulik (hydraulics) refers to the use of pressurised fluid to transmit force. In shipping, hydraulics are often used for steering systems and anchor winches.

Hydrophon

A Hydrophon (hydrophone) is an underwater microphone used to detect and analyse sounds underwater. It is useful for navigation and research.

H-Boot

The H-Boot (H-boat) is a popular, uniformly built type of sailing boat known for its good sailing characteristics and stability. It is often used in regattas.

H-Balken

An H-Balken (H-beam) is a reinforcing component used in the structure of a boat to provide additional strength and stability. It is often found near the keel or deck structure.

H-Beschlag

An H-Beschlag (H-fitting) is a special type of fitting attached to the deck or mast of a boat. It is used to secure lines, blocks or other equipment and contributes to efficiency and safety on board.

I – from IMO to Isolierplatte

IMO

The International Maritime Organization, better known as IMO (International Maritime Organization), is a specialised agency of the United Nations dealing with the safety and security of shipping as well as the prevention of marine pollution by ships. The IMO was founded in 1948 and has its headquarters in London, United Kingdom.

Imoca

Imoca (International Monohull Open Class Association) is a class of offshore racing sailing boats. These boats are specially designed for long-distance races such as the Vendée Globe, the toughest solo round-the-world race. Imoca boats are characterised by their advanced technology, high speed and robustness, allowing them to withstand the extreme conditions on the open sea. They are typically 60 feet long and use innovative materials and designs to maximise performance.

Impeller

An Impeller (impeller) is a rotating component in pumps and turbines used to convey liquids or gases. In shipping, the impeller is commonly used in the cooling water pumps of boat engines. It ensures that cooling water circulates through the engine, protecting it from overheating. Impellers are usually made of flexible rubber and must be regularly inspected and replaced to ensure optimal function.

Inmarsat

Inmarsat is a world-leading provider of mobile satellite communication services. These services enable voice and data communication to be maintained in remote and maritime areas where conventional means of communication are not available. Inmarsat offers a wide range of services and solutions specifically tailored to the needs of seafarers, airlines, the military and other industries.

Types of Inmarsat services

1. Inmarsat-C: A cost-effective service for text messages and data transmission. It is frequently used for emergency calls, safety announcements and the transmission of weather information. Inmarsat-C is particularly widespread in shipping and offers a reliable means of communication.
2. Inmarsat-B: This service offers voice, fax and data communication and is designed for larger ships and aircraft. It enables a higher data transmission rate and offers more functionality than Inmarsat-C.
3. Inmarsat-FleetBroadband: A modern service that enables broadband internet access and voice communication at sea. FleetBroadband offers fast and reliable connections that are essential for the operation of modern ships. It supports applications such as email, internet access, voice communication and data transmission.
4. Inmarsat-GX (Global Xpress): A high-speed broadband service available worldwide. GX offers high data transmission rates and is used for demanding applications such as video transmission, real-time data and IP-based communication. It is ideal for large ships, aircraft and military operations.
5. Inmarsat-Iridium: A hybrid service that combines Inmarsat satellites with Iridium satellites to ensure near-global coverage. This service offers redundant communication paths and is frequently used in critical applications where fail-safety is essential.
6. Inmarsat-IsatPhone: A satellite phone service that enables voice and text message communication in remote areas. IsatPhone is robust and easy to use, making it a popular choice for adventurers, researchers and emergency teams.
7. Inmarsat-SwiftBroadband: A broadband service for aviation that provides passengers and crew on board aircraft with internet access and voice communication. SwiftBroadband supports applications such as email, VPN access and IP telephony.

Inmarsat plays a crucial role in global communication and offers a wide range of services specifically tailored to the needs of various industries and applications. Whether at sea, in the air or in remote locations – Inmarsat ensures that communication is always possible.

Innenborder

An Innenborder (inboard engine) is an engine that is permanently installed within the hull of a boat. Unlike an outboard engine, it often offers more power and is better suited to longer voyages.

Innenkiel

An Innenkiel (internal keel) is a keel that runs within the hull of a boat. It provides additional stability and contributes to the structural integrity of the boat.

Intercostal

Intercostal refers to the ribs or braces used to reinforce the hull of a boat. These structural components contribute to the strength and stability of the boat.

Internationale Klasse

An Internationale Klasse (International Class) is a sailing boat class recognised and regulated by World Sailing, the international governing body for the sport of sailing. Boats in these classes must meet strict construction and equipment standards in order to compete in international regattas. Examples of International Classes include the Laser, the 49er and the Star class. These classes provide a uniform basis for competition and promote fair racing, as all boats are built to the same specifications.

Inverter

An Inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC). On sailing yachts, it is used to power electrical devices that require alternating current, such as laptops or microwaves.

Iridium

Iridium is a satellite phone network, enabling worldwide voice and data communication. It is particularly useful for sailors in remote areas where conventional mobile networks are unavailable.

Isobar

An Isobar (isobar) is a line on a weather chart that connects places with equal air pressure. These lines help meteorologists identify areas of high and low pressure and produce weather forecasts. Isobars are crucial for planning sailing trips, as they provide information about wind direction and strength.

Isolator

An Isolator (insulator) is a device that separates electrical wiring to prevent short circuits and other electrical problems. It is often used in the on-board electrics of sailing boats to ensure safety.

Isolierband

Isolierband (insulating tape) is an adhesive tape used to insulate electrical wiring. It is an indispensable tool on board for keeping electrical connections safe and protected.

Isolierfolie

Isolierfolie (insulating film) is a thin film used for thermal insulation and moisture control in boats. It helps improve energy efficiency and prevent condensation.

Isolierglas

Isolierglas (insulating glass) is a special type of glass used for thermal insulation and noise reduction in windows and hatches. It contributes to energy efficiency and comfort on board.

Isoliermatte

An Isoliermatte (insulating mat) is a mat used for thermal insulation and noise reduction in cabins and engine rooms. It contributes to the boat's comfort and efficiency.

Isolieröl

Isolieröl (insulating oil) is a special oil used to insulate and cool electrical transformers and other equipment. It helps increase the efficiency and lifespan of the equipment.

Isolierplatte

An Isolierplatte (insulating panel) is a panel used for thermal insulation and noise reduction in boats. It contributes to energy efficiency and comfort on board.

J – from Jolle to Jungfernfahrt

Jolle

A Jolle (dinghy) is a small, open sailing or rowing boat, often used as a tender or for recreational sailing. It is light and manoeuvrable, ideal for beginners and short trips.

Jollenkreuzer

Jollenkreuzer (dinghy cruiser) is a larger, more seaworthy version of a dinghy, which often has a cabin and is suitable for longer sailing trips. It combines the advantages of a dinghy with more comfort and storage space.

Jollenkreuzerklasse

Jollenkreuzerklasse (dinghy cruiser class) is a specific classification for dinghy cruisers, which must meet certain construction and equipment criteria. This class is often raced in regattas.

Jollenkurs

Jollenkurs (dinghy sailing course) is a sailing course specifically designed for sailing with dinghies. It covers manoeuvres, trim techniques and safety aspects important for sailing small boats.

Jollensegeln

Jollensegeln (dinghy sailing) refers to sailing with a dinghy. It is a popular leisure activity and offers a good introduction to the sport of sailing for beginners.

Jollenschwert

Jollenschwert (dinghy centreboard) is a retractable centreboard mounted in the middle of a dinghy. It improves stability and course control and can be raised or lowered as needed.

Jollentrimm

Jollentrimm (dinghy trim) encompasses all the adjustments made to optimise the shape and tension of a dinghy's sails. Good trim is crucial for the boat's efficiency and performance.

Jollenvorschoter

Jollenvorschoter (dinghy foredeck hand) is the person who operates the headsails on a dinghy. They play an important role in steering and trimming the boat.

Jollenvorstag

Jollenvorstag (dinghy forestay) is a wire that stays the mast of a dinghy forward and serves as an attachment point for the jib. It contributes to the stability of the rig.

Jollenkonstruktion

Jollenkonstruktion (dinghy construction) refers to the build and materials used to make a dinghy. Modern dinghies are often made of lightweight, sturdy materials such as fibreglass or aluminium.

Jollensegel

Jollensegel (dinghy sail) is the mainsail of a dinghy. It is usually a simple, easy-to-handle sail that is suitable for beginners.

Jollentakelung

The Jollentakelung (dinghy rigging) comprises all the lines, blocks and fittings used to set and trim the sails of a dinghy. Well\-tuned rigging is essential for sailing performance.

Jollenkreuzersegel

The Jollenkreuzersegel (dinghy cruiser sail) is a special sail developed for dinghy cruisers. It offers more sail area and efficiency than a conventional dinghy sail.

Jollenkreuzertrimm

The Jollenkreuzertrimm (dinghy cruiser trim) covers all the adjustments made to optimise the shape and tension of a dinghy cruiser's sails. Good trim is essential for the boat's efficiency and performance.

Jollenkreuzerklasse

Jollenkreuzerklasse (dinghy cruiser class) is a specific classification for dinghy cruisers, which must meet certain construction and equipment criteria. This class is often raced in regattas.

Jollenkurs

Jollenkurs (dinghy sailing course) is a sailing course specifically designed for sailing with dinghies. It covers manoeuvres, trim techniques and safety aspects important for sailing small boats.

Jollensegeln

Jollensegeln (dinghy sailing) refers to sailing with a dinghy. It is a popular leisure activity and offers a good introduction to the sport of sailing for beginners.

Jollenschwert

Jollenschwert (dinghy centreboard) is a retractable centreboard mounted in the middle of a dinghy. It improves stability and course control and can be raised or lowered as needed.

Jollentrimm

Jollentrimm (dinghy trim) encompasses all the adjustments made to optimise the shape and tension of a dinghy's sails. Good trim is crucial for the boat's efficiency and performance.

Jollenvorschoter

Jollenvorschoter (dinghy foredeck hand) is the person who operates the headsails on a dinghy. They play an important role in steering and trimming the boat.

Jollenvorstag

Jollenvorstag (dinghy forestay) is a wire that stays the mast of a dinghy forward and serves as an attachment point for the jib. It contributes to the stability of the rig.

Jollenkonstruktion

Jollenkonstruktion (dinghy construction) refers to the build and materials used to make a dinghy. Modern dinghies are often made of lightweight, sturdy materials such as fibreglass or aluminium.

Jollensegel

Jollensegel (dinghy sail) is the mainsail of a dinghy. It is usually a simple, easy-to-handle sail that is suitable for beginners.

Jollentakelung

The Jollentakelung (dinghy rigging) comprises all the lines, blocks and fittings used to set and trim the sails of a dinghy. Well\-tuned rigging is essential for sailing performance.

Jollenkreuzersegel

The Jollenkreuzersegel (dinghy cruiser sail) is a special sail developed for dinghy cruisers. It offers more sail area and efficiency than a conventional dinghy sail.

Jungfernfahrt

The Jungfernfahrt (maiden voyage) is the first official voyage of a new ship after its completion. It is considered particularly significant as it marks the beginning of the ship's active service. The Jungfernfahrt is often celebrated ceremonially and may be accompanied by prominent guests.

K – from Kabellänge to Kuttertakelung

Kabellänge

The Kabellänge (cable length) is a nautical unit of measurement traditionally equal to about 185.2 metres. It is frequently used to measure distances at sea and is a common unit in seafaring.

Kajüte

The Kajüte (cabin) is an enclosed space on a boat that serves as living or sleeping quarters. It offers protection from the weather and is often equipped with berths, lockers and seating.

Kapitän

The Kapitän (captain) is the highest-ranking person on board and is responsible for navigation, safety and the wellbeing of the crew. The Kapitän makes all important decisions and bears overall responsibility for the vessel.

Kardeel

A Kardeel (strand) is a single strand of a multi\-strand rope. It is a fundamental element of a rope and plays an important role in rope making.

Kardinalsystem

The Kardinalsystem (cardinal system) is a navigation system based on cardinal marks that indicate the safe passage around hazards. It uses the four main compass directions (north, east, south and west) for orientation.

Kartenkurs

The Kartenkurs (charted course) is the course a vessel is to steer according to the nautical chart. It is given in degrees and takes into account geographical features and obstacles marked on the chart.

Kartennull

Kartennull (chart datum) is the reference level for the depths shown on nautical charts. It usually corresponds to the lowest possible tide level, also known as low water.

Catamaran

A Katamaran (catamaran) is a boat with two parallel hulls. This design offers high stability and speed.

Kausch

A Kausch (thimble) is a reinforced ring or eye worked into a sail or a piece of rope. It serves to distribute the load evenly and protect the material.

Kenterung

Kenterung (capsizing) refers to a boat overturning, usually caused by strong winds or high waves. A Kenterung often requires rescue measures.

Kettenstopper

A Kettenstopper (chain stopper) is a mechanism that secures the anchor chain and prevents it from paying out unintentionally. It provides additional safety when anchoring.

Kiel

The Kiel (keel) is the backbone of a sailing boat and runs along the underside of the hull. It provides stability and prevents the boat from drifting sideways.

Kielbombe

A Kielbombe (keel bulb) is a heavy weight at the lower end of a sailing boat's keel that increases the boat's stability and righting moment. It helps keep the boat upright and improves sailing performance.

Kielholen

Kielholen (keelhauling) is a historical punishment ritual in which a person was dragged underneath the keel of a ship. Today it survives only as a term from maritime history.

Kielschwein

Kielschwein (keelson) is a reinforced beam that runs along the keel and provides additional stability. It is an important part of the boat's construction.

Kielschwert

A Kielschwert (keel/centreboard combination) is a combination of a fixed keel and a movable centreboard. It offers the benefits of a deep keel for stability and a centreboard for manoeuvrability and adjusting the draught.

Kielzugvogel

Kielzugvogel is a keelboat designed by naval architect Ernst Lehfeld. Its stability and good-natured sailing characteristics make it especially popular in sailing schools and clubs. An active class association regularly organises regattas and other events.

Kimm

Kimm (the visible horizon) is the horizon at sea, where water and sky meet. It is an important reference point for navigation.

Kimmkiel

A Kimmkiel (bilge keel) is a special type of keel consisting of two parallel keels. This design provides additional stability and allows the boat to stand upright at low water levels.

Klampe

A Klampe (cleat) is a fitting on the deck of a boat to which lines are made fast. It allows ropes and lines to be securely fastened.

Klar Schiff machen

Klar Schiff machen (clearing the deck/making ready for sea) means tidying up the boat and securing all items. This is particularly important before setting sail or in bad weather.

Klassenvereinigung

A Klassenvereinigung (class association) is an organisation that represents the interests of sailors within a particular boat class. It organises regattas, maintains the class rules and promotes exchange among its members.

Klüver

The Klüver (flying jib) is a headsail set forward of the forestay. It is often used in broad-reaching winds to provide additional sail area.

Knoten

A Knoten (knot) is a unit of measurement for a boat's speed, with one knot equal to one nautical mile per hour. For converting knots to km/h. It is also a term for various types of rope fastenings.

Knotenbrecher

Knotenbrecher (knot breaker) is a tool used to loosen tightened knots. It is a handy aid on board for untangling lines and ropes.

Kojen

Kojen (berths) are the sleeping places on board a boat. They are often compact and designed so that they can also be used in rough seas.

Kollisionsverhütungsregeln

The Kollisionsverhütungsregeln (KVR, collision regulations) are international rules governing the behaviour of vessels at sea in order to avoid collisions. Among other things, they set out right-of-way rules, lighting requirements and sound signals.

Kombüse

The Kombüse (galley) is the kitchen on board a ship. It is often compact and designed so that it can also be used in rough seas.

Kompass

A Kompass (compass) is a navigation instrument that indicates direction relative to magnetic north. It is an indispensable tool for navigation at sea.

Koppeln

Koppeln (dead reckoning) refers to the method of navigation in which a ship's position is determined by calculating course and speed since the last known position. This method is used when visual navigation is not possible.

Krängung

Krängung (heel) refers to the sideways tilt of a boat caused by wind pressure on the sails. Excessive heel can affect the boat's stability.

Kreuzen

Kreuzen (tacking) is a sailing manoeuvre in which the boat sails a zigzag course against the wind. It is used to travel in the direction of the wind by alternately sailing on the port and starboard tack.

Kreuzpeilung

Kreuzpeilung (cross bearing) is a navigation method in which two or more bearings are taken on different objects to determine the ship's location. The intersection points of the bearings indicate the exact position.

Kuchenbude

Kuchenbude (cockpit tent) is a type of tent or canopy that is fitted on the deck of a sailing boat to provide protection from the weather. It usually consists of sturdy, waterproof material and is stretched over the cockpit. The Kuchenbude shields the crew from rain, wind and sun and creates a sheltered space that makes life on board more comfortable. Especially on longer trips or in bad weather, the Kuchenbude is a valuable addition that makes staying on the boat more pleasant. It can be easily assembled and dismantled and is available in various sizes and designs to suit different needs and boat types.

Kurs

Kurs (course) is the direction in which a boat is steering. It is given in degrees and determined using a compass.

Kurzkieler

A Kurzkieler (short-keeler) is a sailing boat with a short, fixed keel. These boats have a shallower draught and are therefore better suited to shallow waters.

Kutter

A Kutter (cutter) is a sailing boat with a single mast and two or more headsails. This configuration allows flexibility and efficiency in different wind conditions.

Kutterfock

The Kutterfock (cutter jib) is a small headsail used in strong winds. It provides additional control and stability in difficult weather conditions.

Kuttertakelung

Kuttertakelung (cutter rig) is a type of rig with a single mast and several headsails. It offers flexibility and good sailing characteristics.

L – from Lager to Luvgierig

Lager

Lager (bearing) is an important component of the rigging that facilitates the movement of sheaves and blocks. It is crucial for the smooth functioning of the sails and rigging.

Laminatsegel

Laminatsegel (laminate sails) are sails made from several layers of materials such as Mylar, Kevlar or carbon. These sails are lighter and stiffer than conventional Dacron sails and offer better performance and durability. Laminatsegel are often used in regatta sailing, as they enable a more precise shape and higher speed.

Landfall

Landfall (landfall) refers to the first sighting of land after a sea voyage. It is a significant moment for navigation and orientation.

Landkrank

Landkrankheit (land sickness) is the feeling of dizziness and discomfort that some people experience after a longer time at sea, once they are back on solid ground. The symptoms are similar to those of Seekrankheit and result from the balance system adjusting to the movements of the vessel. The Landkrankheit usually disappears after a short time, once the body has got used to the stable environment on land.

Landwind

Landwind (offshore wind) is a wind that blows from land towards the sea. It usually forms at night, when the landmass cools down faster than the water, creating a high-pressure area over the land and a low-pressure area over the water. Landwind can affect sailing conditions and is often used by sailors to navigate close to the coast.

Langkieler

A Langkieler (long keeler) is a sailing boat with a continuous keel running the full length of the hull. This design offers high stability and robustness, but is less manoeuvrable than boats with shorter keels. Langkieler are particularly suited to long-distance passages and rough seas.

Lateral

The term Lateral (lateral) refers to the side parts of a vessel or to sideways movements. In navigation, the term is often used to describe sideways drift caused by wind or current. Lateral markers are navigation signs indicating the sides of a channel.

Lateralplan

The Lateralplan (lateral plan) is the side view of a boat, showing the underwater hull area. It is important for analysing stability and flow resistance.

Lattensegel

A Lattensegel is a sail reinforced with horizontal battens embedded in batten pockets. These battens help stabilise the shape of the sail and improve its efficiency. Lattensegel (battened sails) offer a larger sail area and better performance, especially in strong winds.

Lattentaschen

Lattentaschen (batten pockets) are special pockets in the sail into which sail battens are inserted. These battens give the sail extra stiffness and help maintain its shape, especially in strong winds. Lattentaschen are particularly important for Lattensegel (battened sails), which offer a larger sail area and better performance.

Lazy Bag

A Lazy Bag is a special bag fitted to the boom of a sailing boat that holds the mainsail when it is reefed or stowed. It makes handling the sail easier and keeps it clean and protected. The Lazy Bag is particularly useful for stowing the mainsail quickly and efficiently without it lying around on deck.

Lazy Jack

Lazy Jacks are a system of lines attached to the mast and boom of a sailing boat that support and guide the mainsail when it is being stowed or reefed. They stop the sail from falling to the side of the boom and make it easier to bring in the sail by guiding it into the Lazy Bag or onto the boom. Lazy Jacks are particularly useful in strong winds or rough seas, as they improve control over the sail and increase safety on board.

Leck

A Leck (leak) is an unwanted opening in a boat's hull through which water can get in. It poses a serious danger to the safety of the boat.

Lee

Lee (leeward) refers to the side of a boat facing away from the wind. It is the opposite of Luv (windward) and plays an important role in navigation and sail trim.

Leegierig

A boat that is leegierig (lee-helming) tends to turn away from the wind. This can be caused by incorrect sail trim or an unbalanced rig.

Leewache

Leewache (leeward watch) is the shift during which crew members keep watch on the side of the boat facing away from the wind. It is important for safety and monitoring.

Lenzpumpe (bilge pump)

A Lenzpumpe (bilge pump) is a device that removes water from inside a boat. It is crucial for maintaining stability and safety on board.

Lenzventil (bilge valve)

A Lenzventil (bilge valve) is a valve that allows water to be drained from a boat's hull. It is an important component of the drainage system.

Leuchttonne (lighted buoy)

A Leuchttonne (lighted buoy) is a floating marker fitted with a light, used for navigation in waterways. It marks safe channels, hazards or harbour entrances. Lighted buoys are especially important at night or in poor visibility and are used in various colours and flashing patterns to convey different information.

Lichterführung (navigation lights)

Lichterführung (navigation lights) covers the lights a boat displays at night or in poor visibility to indicate its position and direction of travel. It is crucial for safety at sea.

Liek

The Liek (leech/edge of a sail) is the edge of a sail that is attached to a spar or a line. There are various Lieken, such as the Vorliek (luff), Achterliek (leech) and Unterliek (foot), all of which play an important role in sail trim.

Liekleine

The Liekleine (boltrope) is a line that runs along the Liek of a sail and serves to attach the sail to the spar or line. It is crucial for the shape and tension of the sail.

Lifeline

A Lifeline (jackline) is a safety line rigged along the deck of a sailing boat. It is used to clip the crew members on and prevent them from going overboard. Lifelines are an important part of the safety equipment and should be checked regularly for strength and secure attachment.

Linsen (lenses)

Linsen (rolling) refers to the sideways rolling motion of a boat. It can be caused by waves or uneven weight distribution and affects the stability of the boat.

Löffelruder

A Löffelruder (spoon rudder) is a special rudder with a spoon-shaped blade that offers better steering performance. It is often used on traditional sailing boats.

Löffelspant

A Löffelspant (spoon frame) is a structural element with a spoon-shaped cross-section that contributes to the strength and stability of the hull.

Löffelsteven

A Löffelsteven (spoon bow) is a special stem with a spoon-shaped form that provides better hydrodynamics. It is often used on traditional sailing boats.

Log

The Log (speed log) is a device for measuring the speed and distance travelled by a boat. It is an important navigational instrument.

Logbuch

A Logbuch Logbuch (logbook) is an official document in which all important events and observations during a sea voyage are recorded. It is essential for documenting and tracking the voyage.

Long Range Certificate (LRC)

The Long Range Certificate (LRC) The Long Range Certificate (LRC) is an internationally recognised radio operator's certificate that authorises the operation of long-range marine radio equipment. It covers knowledge of radio technology, emergency communication and legal regulations. The LRC is required for using radio equipment on ships operating beyond the range of VHF radio systems.

Longtudinalspant

The Longtudinalspant (longitudinal frame) is a structural element that runs along the length of the boat and contributes to the strength and stability of the hull.

Lot

A Lot (depth sounder) is a device for measuring water depth. It is an important navigational instrument for avoiding shallows and obstacles.

Lümmelbeschlag

The Lümmelbeschlag (gooseneck fitting) is a fitting that attaches the boom to the mast and allows it to move. It is essential for the function and trimming of the mainsail.

Lümmelgelenk

Lümmelgelenk (gooseneck) is a movable joint that attaches the boom to the mast and allows it to move in all directions. It is crucial for the flexibility and trim of the mainsail.

Luv

Luv (windward) refers to the side of a boat facing the wind. It is the opposite of Lee (leeward) and plays an important role in navigation and sail trim.

Luvgierig

A boat that is luvgierig (weather-helm prone) tends to turn into the wind. This can be caused by incorrect sail trim or an unbalanced rig.

M – from Magnetkompass to Monsun

Magnetkompass

A Magnetkompass (magnetic compass) is a navigation instrument that indicates direction relative to magnetic north. It consists of a magnetised needle that can turn freely and always points north. The Magnetkompass is an indispensable tool for navigation at sea and is often used as a backup to modern GPS systems.

Mann-über-Bord

The term „Mann-über-Bord“ (man overboard, MOB) refers to an emergency situation in which a person has fallen overboard. In such a case, immediate action must be taken to rescue the person. This includes raising the alarm, throwing life-saving equipment, and initiating a rescue manoeuvre.

Manöver des letzten Augenblicks

The „Manöver des letzten Augenblicks“ (manoeuvre of last resort) is an evasive manoeuvre carried out to avoid an imminent collision. It is usually initiated at the very last second, when all other evasive manoeuvres have failed. This manoeuvre requires quick and decisive action from the crew.

Marlspieker

A Marlspieker (marlinspike) is a tool used at sea to splice ropes or undo knots. It consists of a pointed metal spike that is inserted into the rope's fibres to separate and manipulate them. The Marlspieker is an indispensable tool for every sailor.

MARPOL

MARPOL stands for „International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships“. It is an international agreement that sets out measures to prevent and minimise pollution of the seas by ships. MARPOL comprises several annexes containing specific regulations on oil, chemicals, sewage, garbage and air pollution.

Mast

A Mast (mast) is a vertical spar on a sailing boat to which the sails are attached. It carries the rigging and is crucial for the stability and efficiency of sailing.

Mastbruch

Mastbruch (mast breakage) refers to the breaking of the mast, often caused by strong winds or material fatigue. A Mastbruch requires immediate action to secure the boat.

Mastbruchreparatur

Mastbruchreparatur (mast breakage repair) encompasses all measures taken to repair a broken mast. It is crucial for restoring the boat's sailing capability.

Mastenkran

A Mastenkran (mast crane) is a device used to step or unstep a boat's mast. It makes handling and maintaining the mast easier.

Mastfall

The Mastfall (mast halyard) is the line used to raise or lower the mast. It is crucial for safety and efficiency when stepping the mast.

Mastfuß

The Mastfuß (mast foot) is the base of the mast, which sits on the deck or in the mast step. It allows for the secure attachment and adjustment of the mast.

Masthead

The Masthead (masthead) is the top of the mast, to which wind instruments, navigation lights and antennas are often attached. It is an important point for the boat's rigging and electronics.

Mastkabel

The Mastkabel (mast cable) is a cable that runs inside the mast and is used to supply power to navigation lights and other electrical equipment.

Mastkappe

The Mastkappe (mast cap) is a cover at the top end of the mast that prevents water ingress and provides additional attachment points.

Mastkoker

Mastkoker (mast tube) is a shaft in the hull of a boat through which the mast passes. It provides additional stability and support for the mast.

Mastkorb

Mastkorb (mast platform or crow's nest) is a platform on the mast that serves as a lookout point or working area. It is often used on larger sailing boats.

Mastkragen

Mastkragen (mast collar) is a reinforcement at the point where the mast meets the deck. It protects the deck from wear and contributes to the mast's stability.

Mastprofil

Mastprofil (mast profile) refers to the shape and construction of the mast. Different profiles offer different aerodynamic properties and strengths.

Mastrutscher

Mastrutscher (mast slides) are small fittings attached to the luff of a sail that slide along a groove in the mast. They allow the sail to be easily hoisted and lowered along the mast. Mastrutscher contribute to the efficiency and manageability of sail handling.

Mastschuh

Mastschuh (mast shoe) is the base of the mast that sits on the deck or in the mast step. It allows the mast to be securely fastened and adjusted.

Mastspitze

Mastspitze (masthead) is the highest point of the mast. It often serves as an attachment point for a wind indicator, aerials and navigation lights.

Mastspur

Mastspur (mast step) is the fitting on the deck in which the foot of the mast is anchored. It allows for fine adjustment of the mast and contributes to stability.

Maststufe

Maststufe (mast step or rung) is a small platform or foothold fixed to the mast that serves as a climbing aid. It makes climbing and working on the mast easier.

Masttop

Masttop (masthead) is the highest point of the mast. It often serves as an attachment point for a wind indicator, aerials and navigation lights.

Mastträger

Mastträger (mast support) is a structure that supports the mast when it is not fitted to the boat. It is often used for transporting or storing the mast.

Masttrimm

Masttrimm (mast tuning) covers all the adjustments made to optimise the tension and alignment of the mast. Good mast tuning is essential for sailing performance.

Mastüberholung

Mastüberholung (mast overhaul) covers all maintenance and repair work on the mast and rigging. It is essential for the safety and performance of the boat.

Mastverstrebung

Mastverstrebung (mast bracing) refers to additional struts used to stabilise the mast. They contribute to the strength and safety of the rig.

Mastwinde

Mastwinde (mast winch) is a device used to operate the halyards and other lines at the mast. It makes hoisting and lowering the sails easier.

Mastwippe

Mastwippe (mast tabernacle) is a device used to tilt or lower the mast. It makes handling and maintaining the mast easier.

Matchrace

A matchrace is a sailing regatta, in which two boats compete directly against each other. This type of race emphasises tactical manoeuvres and direct competition. Match races are particularly exciting and require high sailing skills and strategic thinking.

Matrose

Matrose (sailor/deckhand) is a crew member on board a ship who is responsible for various tasks, including handling the sails, maintaining the ship, and assisting with manoeuvres. Sailors play a crucial role in ship operations and must possess versatile skills.

Meltemi

The Meltemi is a dry, north-easterly wind that blows across the Aegean in summer. It brings clear, sunny days but can also cause strong winds and rough seas, which can make sailing conditions challenging.

Mensch-über-Bord-Manöver

The Mensch-über-Bord-Manöver (man overboard manoeuvre) is a specific manoeuvre carried out to rescue a person who has fallen overboard. There are various techniques, such as the Quick-Stop manoeuvre or the Williamson Turn manoeuvre, which aim to bring the boat back to the person in the water quickly and safely.

Meridian

A Meridian (meridian) is an imaginary line running from pole to pole, connecting places of equal geographical longitude. Meridians are essential for navigation and for determining longitude and latitude.

Mistral

The Mistral is a strong, cold wind that blows from the Rhône Valley in southern France towards the Mediterranean. It occurs frequently in winter and spring and can produce very strong gusts, significantly affecting sailing conditions.

Mittelcockpit

A Mittelcockpit (centre cockpit) is a cockpit located in the middle of the boat, as opposed to the conventional aft cockpit. This design offers better protection from waves and a more stable platform, which is particularly advantageous on long-distance passages and in rough conditions.

Mittschiffs

Mittschiffs (amidships) refers to the central area of a ship, both lengthwise and crosswise. This area is often the most stable part of the ship and is frequently used for important fittings and equipment.

MMSI

The Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) is a nine-digit number used to identify radio stations in the maritime radio service. It is unique to each vessel and is used for distress calls and radio communication.

Monohull

A Monohull is a boat with a single hull, in contrast to catamarans or trimarans, which have multiple hulls. Monohulls are the most traditional form of sailing boat and offer a good balance of speed and stability.

Monsun

The monsoon is a seasonal wind caused by the temperature differences between land and sea. There are two main types of monsoon: the summer monsoon, which brings humid air and rain, and the winter monsoon, which brings dry air. Monsoons significantly influence the weather and sailing conditions in many parts of the world.

N – from Notices to Mariners to storm sails

Notices to Mariners

Nachrichten für Seefahrer (Notices to Mariners, NfS) are official announcements containing important information for shipping. These notices are published regularly and provide information on changes to navigational aids, new hazards, temporary closures of sea areas and other relevant information affecting the safety and efficiency of shipping. They are an indispensable resource for all skippers and navigators to stay up to date with current conditions and regulations.

Nadel

A Nadel (needle) is an important tool for sewing and repairing sails and rigging. It is sturdy and specially suited for use with thick sailcloth.

Nadelknoten

The Nadelknoten (needle knot) is a special knot used to attach a needle to a thread. It is useful for repair work on board.

Nautische Meile

A Nautische Meile (nautical mile) is a unit of measurement used in shipping and aviation to measure distances. It is exactly equal to 1,852 metres. The nautical mile is based on the Earth's circumference and is defined as the length of a meridian corresponding to an angle of one arc minute. This unit is particularly useful in navigation, as it is directly linked to the Earth's geographic coordinates.

Navigation

Navigation involves determining the current position, calculating the optimal route to the destination, and maintaining course. The sextant measures the angular distance between the horizon and celestial bodies such as the sun or the North Star to determine position at sea. The chronometer, a precision timepiece, was used to accurately determine longitude.

Navigationslichter

Navigationslichter (navigation lights) are lights fitted to a boat to indicate its position and direction of travel. They are particularly important during night sailing and in poor visibility.

Navigationsgeräte

Navigationsgeräte (navigation equipment) are instruments used to determine a boat's position and course. These include GPS devices, compasses and chart plotters.

Navigationskarte

A Navigationskarte (nautical chart) is a special map used for planning and carrying out sea voyages. It shows depths, coastlines, sea marks and other important information.

Navigationssystem

A Navigationssystem (navigation system) is an electronic system that uses GPS data to determine a boat's position and course. It often includes chart plotters and autopilots.

Nebelhorn

A Nebelhorn (foghorn) is an acoustic signalling device used in fog or poor visibility to alert other boats to one's position.

Negativer Steven

A negativer Steven (reverse bow/negative stem) refers to a special hull shape in which the bow of the boat is angled backwards. This design is often used on modern yachts and sailing boats to improve sailing characteristics and increase speed. The negative stem reduces water resistance and allows for better penetration of waves, resulting in a smoother and more efficient ride. This construction is particularly popular on high-performance sailing boats designed for regattas and fast sailing.

Nessel

Nessel (canvas) is a coarse, hard-wearing fabric that is often used for sails and covers. It is particularly resistant to wear and weathering.

Netze (nets)

Netze (nets) are used on board boats to catch fish or secure equipment. They are versatile and an important tool for fishermen and sailors.

Niedergang (companionway)

The Niedergang (companionway) is the access from the deck to the interior of a boat. It often consists of a stairway or ladder and is important for safety and comfort on board.

Niedergangsabdeckung (companionway cover)

The Niedergangsabdeckung (companionway cover) is a cover that protects the companionway from water and dirt. It is especially important in bad weather or rough seas.

Niedrigwasser (low water)

Niedrigwasser (low water) is the lowest water level reached during a tidal cycle. It occurs when the water recedes from the sea due to the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. Low water is particularly important for navigation in coastal waters, as it reduces the available water depth and increases the risk of running aground. Skippers must pay close attention to the times of low water and plan their routes accordingly to ensure they have sufficient water depth to navigate safely.

Nieten (rivets)

Nieten (rivets) are fasteners used to join parts of the boat or rigging together. They are robust and resistant to corrosion.

Nock (yardarm end)

The Nock (yardarm end) is the outer end of a boom or yard. It serves as an attachment point for sails and rigging.

Nockfall (yardarm halyard)

The Nockfall (yardarm halyard) is the line used to set or take in the end of a sail. It runs from the deck to the yardarm end and allows fine adjustment of the sail.

Nockleine (yardarm line)

The Nockleine (yardarm line) is a line attached to the yardarm end and used for trimming or securing the sail.

Notpinne (emergency tiller)

Notpinne (emergency tiller) is a replacement tiller used when the main tiller or steering wheel fails. It is an important piece of safety equipment on board.

Notruder

Notruder (emergency rudder) is a replacement rudder used when the main rudder is damaged or unusable. It allows the voyage to continue and the boat to be steered.

Notsegel

Notsegel (storm sail) is a small, robust sail used in extreme weather conditions. It is designed to withstand high wind speeds.

O – from Oberdeck to Osmose

Oberdeck

Oberdeck (upper deck) is the topmost deck of a ship. It serves as a working and gathering area for the crew and often provides access to important equipment and controls.

Oberdecksluke

Oberdecksluke (upper deck hatch) is a hatch in the upper deck that provides access to the spaces below. It is important for ventilation and access to these areas.

Oberer Block

Oberer Block (upper block) is a pulley or block fitted at a higher point on the mast or rig. It is used to guide lines and hoist loads.

Oberes Achterstag

Oberes Achterstag (upper backstay) is the wire that braces the mast towards the stern and contributes to the stability of the rig. It runs from the masthead to the stern of the boat.

Oberes Ruderblatt

Oberes Ruderblatt (upper rudder blade) is the part of the rudder that lies above the waterline. It plays an important role in steering and the boat's stability.

Oberflächenbeschichtung

Oberflächenbeschichtung (surface coating) is a protective layer applied to the top of a component or sail to protect it from weathering and wear

Oberflächenströmung

Oberflächenströmung (surface current) is the flow of water at the surface of a body of water. It can be caused by wind, tides or other factors and affects navigation.

Oberkante

Oberkante (top edge) is the upper edge of a component or sail. It is often reinforced to provide additional support and stability.

Oberkantenverstärkung

Oberkantenverstärkung (top edge reinforcement) is an additional layer or material applied along the top edge of a sail or component to increase its durability and stability.

Oberlicht

Oberlicht (skylight/deck hatch) is a window or hatch in the deck that lets light and air into the spaces below. It contributes to ventilation and brightness.

Oberliek

Oberliek (head of the sail) is the upper edge of a sail and plays an essential role in the sail's performance. On four-sided sails, the Oberliek is the upper edge, which is usually firmly attached to a spar, the gaff. On a gaff sail, the upper edge of the sail is referred to as the Oberliek or Gaffelliek.

Oberliekleine

Oberliekleine (head line) is a line that runs along the head of a sail and is used to attach the sail to the spar or line. It is crucial for the shape and tension of the sail.

Oberliekstrecker

Oberliekstrecker (head tensioner) is a line or mechanism used to regulate the tension of a sail's head. This is crucial for the shape and efficiency of the sail.

Obersegel

Obersegel (topsail) is an additional sail set above the main sail to provide extra sail area and propulsion. It is often used in light winds.

Oberseite

Oberseite (top side) refers to the upper surface of an object or component. It is often the area most exposed to the weather.

Oberwant

Oberwant (upper shroud) is a wire rope that supports the mast laterally and contributes to the stability of the rig. It runs from the masthead to the hull side.

Oberwantenpütting

The Oberwantenpütting (upper shroud chainplate) is the fastening point of the upper shrouds on the hull side. It must be particularly strong and secure in order to bear the loads of the rig.

Oberwantenpüttingbolzen

Oberwantenpüttingbolzen (upper chainplate bolt) is the bolt that secures the upper chainplate to the hull side. It must be particularly robust and corrosion-resistant.

Oberwasser

Oberwasser (headwater) is the water level above a weir or a lock. It is important for regulating water flow and for navigation.

Oberwasserlinie

The Oberwasserlinie (upper waterline) is the line marking the highest water level a boat can reach without taking on water. It is important for the stability and safety of the boat.

Oberwind

Oberwind (upper wind) is the wind blowing over the upper parts of a sail or a boat. It affects the aerodynamics and efficiency of sailing.

Optimist

The Optimist, often affectionately called the „Opti“, is a small, single-masted sailing dinghy designed specifically for children and young people. It is the most widely used dinghy for young sailors worldwide and serves as an ideal beginner's boat. The Optimist is easy to handle and provides a stable platform for learning the basics of sailing. It is internationally recognised and used in many sailing clubs and schools to introduce young sailors to the sport. Competitions and regattas for Optimists are widespread, giving young sailors the opportunity to demonstrate their skills and gain valuable experience.

Orkan

An Orkan (hurricane) is an extremely powerful storm with wind speeds of at least 118 km/h (12 Beaufort), corresponding to a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Orkane occur in various parts of the world and can cause considerable damage, both on land and at sea. They are characterised by violent winds, heavy rainfall and high waves, which can significantly impair navigation and safety at sea. It is essential to monitor weather forecasts and warnings closely and to take appropriate precautions when an Orkan is forecast. Vessels should head for safe harbours and be well prepared in order to minimise the effects of an Orkan.

Öse

An Öse (eyelet) is a reinforced ring or metal eyelet worked into a sail or a piece of rope. It serves to distribute the load evenly and to protect the material from wear and damage. Ösen are commonly used at the corners of sails, on reef points and at other heavily stressed areas. They allow lines, sheets and other items of equipment to be securely attached. Proper care and maintenance of the Ösen is important to ensure their functionality and longevity.

Osmose

Osmose (osmosis) refers to the process by which water penetrates a semipermeable membrane into a material, causing a solution of lower concentration to move towards a solution of higher concentration. In shipping, Osmose is a well-known problem with GRP (glass-reinforced plastic) boats, where water penetrates the laminate and causes blistering. These blisters can compromise the structural integrity of the hull and lead to serious damage. It is important to detect and treat Osmose early to avoid costly repairs. Regular inspections and preventive measures such as applying protective coatings can help prevent Osmose.

P – from Palstek to Pütz

Palstek

Palstek (bowline) is a knot that forms a fixed loop which does not tighten. It is often used to attach lines to bollards or other fixed points.

Panamakanal

The Panamakanal Panamakanal (Panama Canal) is a major waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the isthmus of Panama. It was opened in 1914 and is one of the most important artificial waterways in the world. The canal stretches for around 82 kilometres and allows ships to avoid the long and dangerous route around South America via Cape Horn.

Pan Pan

“Pan Pan” is an international distress call used to report an urgent, but not life-threatening, situation on board a vessel. Unlike the “Mayday” call, “Pan Pan” signals that the ship or crew needs assistance, but there is no immediate danger to life. The call is repeated three times (“Pan Pan, Pan Pan, Pan Pan”), followed by details of the emergency.

Pantry

The Pantry (galley) is the kitchen aboard a ship. It is often compact and well organised to make the best use of the limited space. The Pantry is equipped with cooking and storage facilities that allow the crew to prepare meals and store food. A well-equipped Pantry is essential for the crew's wellbeing, especially on longer trips.

Passatwind

Passatwind (trade wind) is a steady wind that blows in the tropics and plays an important role in global weather patterns. It blows from the north-east in the northern hemisphere and from the south-east in the southern hemisphere. Trade winds are known for their consistency and reliability, which makes them a preferred wind source for sailors covering long distances.

Patenthalse

A Patenthalse (accidental gybe) is an unexpected and uncontrolled gybe, in which the mainsail suddenly swings across to the other side of the boat. This can be dangerous, as it can cause damage to the boat and injury to the crew. A Patenthalse often occurs when the boat is sailing downwind and the steering isn't carefully monitored. It is important to take precautions to avoid a Patenthalse, such as rigging a boom preventer.

Peilkompass

A Peilkompass (bearing compass) is a special compass used to take precise bearings on objects. It is fitted with a sight or a telescope that allows the direction of an object to be determined accurately. Bearing compasses are indispensable tools for navigation, helping to determine the ship's position and maintain course.

Peilscheibe

A Peilscheibe (bearing compass) is a navigation instrument used to determine the direction in which an object or a point on the horizon lies. It consists of a rotatable disc with markings and a sight through which the navigator takes a bearing on the object. Peilscheiben are particularly useful for navigation close to the coast and help determine the ship's course.

Persenning

A Persenning (canvas cover) is a robust cover made of fabric or plastic used to protect boats and equipment from the weather. It is used to cover the cockpit, sails or other parts of the boat and protect them from sun, rain and dirt. Persennings are available in various sizes and designs and help extend the lifespan of the equipment.

Required

The Pflicht (cockpit area) is the part of a sailing boat where the crew works and steers the boat. It includes the cockpit, the steering equipment and all the controls needed for sailing. The Pflicht is the hub of life on board and the place where most sailing activities take place.

Pier

A Pier is a structure that projects into the water and serves as a mooring point for ships. Piers can be made of wood, concrete or metal and provide space for loading and unloading passengers and cargo. They are often equipped with facilities such as power and water connections and play an important role in harbours and marinas.

Pinne

A Pinne (tiller) is a steering device used to control the rudder manually and is often cheaper than alternatives such as a steering wheel. It requires no additional components and, depending on the model, can be rigid, extendable or foldable.

Pinnenausleger

A Pinnenausleger (tiller extension) is a lever attached to the tiller to make steering easier. It allows for more precise and less strenuous steering of the boat.

Pinnenbeschlag

Pinnenbeschlag (tiller fitting) is a fitting that attaches the tiller to the rudder and allows it to move. It is crucial for the function and safety of the steering.

Pinnenlager

Pinnenlager (tiller bearing) is a bearing that facilitates the movement of the tiller and makes it low-friction. It contributes to the efficiency and precision of the steering.

Pinnenpilot

Pinnenpilot (tiller pilot) is an automatic steering device that moves the tiller and keeps the boat on a set course. It makes sailing easier, especially on long trips.

Pinnenrohr

Pinnenrohr (tiller tube) is a tube that guides the tiller and stabilises its movement. It is particularly important on larger boats to ensure precise steering.

Pinnenruder

Pinnenruder (tiller-steered rudder) is a rudder that is controlled directly with a tiller. It offers simple and direct control of the boat.

Pinnenstopp

Pinnenstopp (tiller stop) is a mechanism that limits the movement of the tiller in order to prevent over-steering. It contributes to the safety and control of the boat.

Pinnenverlängerung

Pinnenverlängerung (tiller extension) is an additional lever attached to the tiller to make steering easier. It allows more precise and less strenuous control of the boat.

Pinnenverlängerungsgriff

Pinnenverlängerungsgriff (tiller extension handle) is a handle attached to the tiller extension to make handling easier. It provides additional comfort and control.

Pinnenverlängerungshalter

Pinnenverlängerungshalter (tiller extension holder) is a holder that attaches the tiller extension to the tiller and allows it to move. It is crucial for the function and safety of the steering.

Pinnenverlängerungsklemme

Pinnenverlängerungsklemme (tiller extension clamp) is a clamp that attaches the tiller extension to the tiller and allows it to move. It is crucial for the function and safety of the steering.

Pinnenverlängerungsknauf

A Pinnenverlängerungsknauf (tiller extension knob) is a knob attached to the tiller extension to make handling easier. It provides additional comfort and control.

Pinnenverlängerungsknaufhalter

A Pinnenverlängerungsknaufhalter (tiller extension knob holder) is a holder that attaches the tiller extension knob to the tiller and allows its movement. It is crucial for the function and safety of the steering.

Pinnenverlängerungsknaufklemme

A Pinnenverlängerungsknaufklemme (tiller extension knob clamp) is a clamp that attaches the tiller extension knob to the tiller and allows its movement. It is crucial for the function and safety of the steering.

Pinnenverlängerungsknaufrohr

A Pinnenverlängerungsknaufrohr (tiller extension knob tube) is a tube that guides the tiller extension knob and stabilises its movement. It is particularly important on larger boats to ensure precise steering.

Pinnenverlängerungsknaufrohrhalter

A Pinnenverlängerungsknaufrohrhalter (tiller extension knob tube holder) is a holder that attaches the tiller extension knob tube to the tiller and allows its movement. It is crucial for the function and safety of the steering.

Pinnenverlängerungsknaufrohrklemme

A Pinnenverlängerungsknaufrohrklemme (tiller extension knob tube clamp) is a clamp that attaches the tiller extension knob tube to the tiller and allows its movement. It is crucial for the function and safety of the steering.

Pinnenverlängerungsknopf

A Pinnenverlängerungsknopf (tiller extension button) is a button attached to the tiller extension to make handling easier. It provides additional comfort and control.

Pinnenverlängerungsstopp

A Pinnenverlängerungsstopp (tiller extension stop) is a mechanism that limits the movement of the tiller extension to prevent oversteering. It contributes to the safety and control of the boat.

Pinnenverlängerungsrohr

A Pinnenverlängerungsrohr (tiller extension tube) is a tube that guides the tiller extension and stabilises its movement. It is particularly important on larger boats to ensure precise steering.

Pinnenverlängerungsrohrhalter

A Pinnenverlängerungsrohrhalter (tiller extension tube holder) is a bracket that attaches the tiller extension tube to the tiller and allows it to move. It is essential for the function and safety of the steering.

Pinrail

A Pinrail (pin rail) is a rail with holes into which belaying pins are inserted. It is used to secure and organise lines and ropes on board.

Plicht

The Plicht (cockpit) is the open area in the aft part of a sailing boat where the crew stays while underway. The steering controls and winches are often located here.

Poller

A Poller (bollard) is a sturdy post on deck or ashore to which ropes and lines are made fast. Poller are essential for berthing and mooring the boat safely.

Positiver Steven

A positiver Steven (raked stem) refers to a particular hull shape in which the bow of the vessel is inclined forwards. This design improves the sailing characteristics and speed of the vessel, as it reduces water resistance and allows the hull to cut through waves more effectively. A positiver Steven is particularly popular on modern sailing boats and yachts.

Propeller

A Propeller (propeller) is a rotating component used to drive a vessel through the water. It consists of several blades attached to a hub that generate thrust as they turn. Propellers are available in various sizes and designs and are driven by an engine. They play a crucial role in a vessel's manoeuvrability and speed.

Pütting

Püttings (chainplates) are fittings on the hull side of a sailing boat to which the shrouds and stays are attached. They contribute to the stability of the rig and are crucial for the safety of the boat.

Pütz

A Pütz (bucket) is a bucket or container used on board a ship to scoop or transport water. Pützen are versatile in use, for example for cleaning the deck, extinguishing fires or collecting rainwater. They are an indispensable tool on every ship.

Pyroschein (Fachkundenachweis FKN)

The Fachkundenachweis Sprengstoffrecht entitles the holder to acquire and handle pyrotechnic distress signals. It is required if signal rockets or similar means are to be carried on board.

Q – from Querab to Q-Wende

Querab (abeam) refers to the direction that lies at a right angle to the ship's longitudinal axis. It is an important term in navigation and manoeuvring a ship.

Querab (abeam) refers to the direction that lies at a right angle to the ship's longitudinal axis. It is an important term in navigation and manoeuvring a ship.

Querachse

The Querachse (transverse axis) is an imaginary line that runs across the ship. It serves as a reference point for various manoeuvres and stability calculations.

Querfender

The Querfender (transverse fender) is a fender that is attached across the side of the hull to protect the ship from side impacts when berthing.

Querflosse

The Querflosse (transverse fin) is a horizontal fin used to stabilise the ship. It is often used on modern yachts and ships.

Querhalsen

Querhalsen (gybing) is a manoeuvre in which the boat is turned through the wind by bringing the stern through the wind. It requires precise steering and good knowledge of the ship's dynamics.

Querlieger

A Querlieger (beam-on vessel) is a boat that lies across the current or the wind. This position may be adopted for certain manoeuvres or when anchoring.

Quermast

A Quermast (cross mast) is a mast that runs across the ship's longitudinal axis. It is used to secure square sails or other rigging.

Querschot

The Querschot (transverse sheet) is a sheet that runs across the deck and is used to trim the sail. It plays an important role in steering and controlling the sail.

Querschiff

Querschiff (the athwartship beam) refers to the horizontal part of a sailing ship that runs at right angles to the keel. The Querschiff plays an essential role in the stability and balance of a sailing ship.

Quertreibanker

A Quertreibanker (cross anchor) is an anchor that is set at right angles to the direction of travel in order to stabilise the boat and prevent sideways drift.

Quertreibboje

A Quertreibboje (cross-current buoy) is a buoy anchored at right angles to the current or wind. It is used to mark hazards or for orientation.

Quertreibleine

A Quertreibleine (cross line) is a line that runs across the deck and is used to secure equipment or to stabilise the boat.

Quersteg

A Quersteg (cross pontoon) is a pontoon that runs at right angles to the boat's direction of travel. It serves as a mooring or berthing point and makes manoeuvring in harbour easier.

Querstrahlruder

A Querstrahlruder (bow thruster) is a propeller unit fitted at right angles to the boat's longitudinal axis, used to improve manoeuvrability. It makes berthing and casting off in tight harbours easier.

Querstrom

A Querstrom (cross current) is a current that runs at right angles to the boat's direction of travel. It can affect the boat's navigation and manoeuvrability.

Querturbulenzen

Querturbulenzen (cross turbulence) are turbulences that occur at right angles to the boat's direction of travel. They can affect stability and comfort on board.

Querwanten

Querwanten (shrouds) are the lateral stays of the mast that run at right angles to the ship's longitudinal axis. They contribute to the stability of the rig.

Querwantenpütting

The Querwantenpütting (shroud chainplate) is the attachment point of the Querwanten on the hull side. It must be especially strong and secure to bear the loads of the rig.

Querwasser

Querwasser (cross water) is water that flows at right angles to the boat's direction of travel. It affects the boat's navigation and stability.

Querwelle

Querwelle (cross wave) is a wave that runs across the boat's direction of travel. It can affect stability and comfort on board.

Querwind

Querwind (beam wind) is wind that blows across the boat's direction of travel. It affects sail trim and course stability.

Q-Wende

Q-Wende (Q-turn) is a special sailing manoeuvre used to turn the boat quickly through 180 degrees. This manoeuvre is often used in confined waters or in emergencies when a rapid change of direction is required. The Q-Wende requires precise steering and timing to be carried out effectively. The boat is first turned into the wind to slow it down, and then the helm is put hard over to initiate the turn. As the boat turns through the wind, the sails are adjusted accordingly to support the new heading. The Q-Wende is an advanced manoeuvre that requires practice to be performed safely and efficiently.

R – from Racon to Rundtörn

Racon

A Racon (Radar Beacon) is a radar beacon that responds to received radar signals by sending back a characteristic signal, which appears on the radar screen as a specific marker. Racons are often installed on navigational aids such as lighthouses, buoys or offshore platforms to clearly indicate their position on the radar screen and to make navigation easier.

Radar

Radar is an electronic navigation system that uses radio waves to detect objects and obstacles in the vicinity of a vessel. It emits radio waves that are reflected off objects, and receives the returning signals to determine the position, distance and speed of these objects. Radar is particularly useful in poor visibility, such as fog or darkness, and contributes to the safety of shipping.

Radarreflektor

A radar reflector is a device fitted on board a boat to increase visibility on radar equipment. This is particularly important for safety in poor visibility.

Radartransponder

A Radartransponder (radar transponder) is a device that responds to received radar signals by sending back its own signal. It is often used in sea rescue to mark the position of lifeboats or survivors in the water. The radar transponder increases visibility on the radar screens of ships and aircraft and makes location and rescue easier.

Radeffekt

The Radeffekt (paddle wheel effect) is the sideways drift of a boat caused by the rotation of the propeller. It affects the manoeuvrability of the boat, especially when going astern.

Radsteuerung

Radsteuerung (wheel steering) is a steering system in which the rudder of a ship is operated with a steering wheel. The steering wheel is often connected to a mechanical or hydraulic system that transmits the movement of the wheel to the rudder. Wheel steering systems offer precise and comfortable control, especially on larger ships.

Rah

The Rah (yard) is a horizontal spar to which the square sail is attached. It runs across the mast and allows the sail to be set and trimmed.

Rahsegel

A Rahsegel (square sail) is a square sail attached to a Rah (a horizontal spar) that runs across the mast. Square sails are typical of traditional sailing ships such as frigates and tall ships. They offer a large sail area and are particularly effective when running before the wind.

Raumschots

Raumschots (broad reach) refers to a course on which the wind comes from behind at an angle. The sailing boat sails with the wind, which allows for high speed and makes sailing more comfortable. Broad reach courses are particularly popular for longer trips and crossings.

Reede

A Reede (roadstead) is an anchorage off the coast that offers protection from wind and waves. It is often shielded by natural or artificial barriers and serves as a safe place to anchor, particularly when a harbour is not accessible. Reeden are important waypoints for ships on long voyages.

Reff

A Reff (reef) is a device that allows the sail area to be reduced in order to improve the boat's stability and control in strong winds.

Reffbändsel

Reffbändsel (reef ties) are short lines used to secure the reefed sail to the boom or mast. They ensure that the sail stays neatly rolled up.

Reffen

Reffen (reefing) is the practice of reducing the sail area in order to control the boat better in strong winds. This is done by rolling in or tying up parts of the sail. Reefing increases the safety and stability of the boat and prevents damage to the sails.

Reffhaken

A Reffhaken (reef hook) is a hook attached to the boom or mast and used to secure the reefed sail. It makes reefing easier and ensures a stable sail setting.

Reffleinen

Reffleinen (reef lines) are lines used to reef the sail. They run through eyelets in the sail and allow the reefed sail to be hauled in and secured.

Reling

The Reling (guard rail) is a protective fitting along the edge of a ship's deck, consisting of a railing or wire ropes. It serves to protect the crew from falling overboard and provides a secure handhold. The Reling is an important part of the safety equipment on board.

Rigg

The Rigg (rigging) comprises all the masts, spars, shrouds, stays and lines of a sailing boat. It is crucial to the stability and efficiency of sailing.

Riggspanner

Riggspanner (rigging screw/turnbuckle) is a mechanism used to regulate the tension of the shrouds and stays. It is crucial for the stability and performance of the rig.

Riggspannung

Riggspannung (rig tension) refers to the tension of the shrouds and stays that stabilise the mast. Correct riggspannung is crucial for the stability and performance of the boat.

Riggtrimm

Riggtrimm (rig tuning) encompasses all the adjustments made to optimise the tension and alignment of the rig. Good riggtrimm is essential for sailing performance.

Rollfock

A Rollfock (roller furling jib) is a headsail that can be furled around the forestay. This allows for quick and easy adjustment of the sail area to suit wind conditions and makes setting and stowing the sail much easier. Rollfock systems are widely used and offer both comfort and safety.

Rollgroß

A Rollgroß (in-mast or in-boom furling mainsail) is a mainsail that can be rolled into the mast or the boom. This makes setting and stowing the sail easier and allows for simple adjustment of the sail area. Rollgroßsegel are particularly popular among cruising sailors, as they simplify handling of the sail.

Rollreffanlage

A Rollreffanlage (roller reefing system) is a mechanism that allows the headsail or mainsail to be partially or fully rolled in to reduce the sail area.

Ruder

The Ruder (rudder) is a movable blade fitted underwater at the stern of a vessel and used to control its course. Turning the rudder alters the flow of water around the rudder blade, steering the vessel in the desired direction. The rudder is a central element of a vessel's manoeuvrability.

Rudergänger

The Rudergänger (helmsman) is the person who steers the vessel, either by operating the steering wheel or the tiller. The helmsman is responsible for navigating and manoeuvring the vessel and must be attentive and experienced in order to sail safely.

Ruderpinne

The Ruderpinne (tiller) is a lever directly connected to a boat's rudder and is used for manual steering. It offers direct and immediate control over the rudder and is commonly used on smaller sailing boats and dinghies. The tiller allows for precise steering and quick reactions.

Rumpf

The Rumpf (hull) is the main body of a boat that sits in the water. It comprises the keel, deck and topsides, and provides buoyancy and stability.

Rumpfgeschwindigkeit

The Rumpfgeschwindigkeit (hull speed) is the theoretical maximum speed of a displacement boat, determined by its length and shape. It is often used as a rule of thumb for a boat's performance.

Rumpfmaterial

The Rumpfmaterial (hull material) is the material a boat's hull is made from, such as fibreglass, wood or aluminium. It influences the durability, maintenance and performance of the boat.

Rumpfprofil

The Rumpfprofil (hull profile) refers to the shape and construction of the hull. Different profiles offer different hydrodynamic properties and strengths.

Rundspant

Rundspant (round bilge) refers to a hull shape with a smooth, round curve from the waterline to the keel. This shape offers a good balance between stability and speed and is commonly used on traditional sailing boats and yachts. Round-bilge boats are known for their good seaworthiness and comfortable motion in the water.

Rundtörn

A Rundtörn (round turn) is a knot in which the line is led once completely around an object before being made fast. Round turns are commonly used to secure lines safely to bollards, cleats or other fastening points. They provide a strong and stable connection.

S – from Saildrive to Sturmsegel

Saildrive

A saildrive is a propulsion system for sailing boats consisting of an engine and a gearbox connected directly to a propeller. It offers a compact and efficient solution for propelling the boat and is easier to maintain than conventional shaft drives. Saildrives are particularly popular on modern sailing boats.

Saling

A Saling (spreader) is a horizontal spar that projects from the mast and spreads the shrouds outwards. It contributes to the stability of the mast.

Schäkel

A Schäkel (shackle) is a U-shaped metal connector with a pin, used to join ropes, chains or other items of equipment. Shackles are available in various sizes and designs and must be checked regularly for wear and corrosion to ensure safety on board.

Schamfilen

Schamfilen (chafing) refers to the wear or damage to ropes caused by friction against sharp edges or rough surfaces. To prevent chafing, protective measures such as chafe guards or special fittings are often used. Regular inspection and maintenance of the rigging are important to ensure safety on board.

Scheinbarer Wind

Scheinbarer Wind (apparent wind) is the combination of the true wind and the wind created by a boat's own motion. It is the wind actually felt by the sailor and is decisive for sail trim. The apparent wind can differ from the true wind in both direction and strength and must be taken into account when navigating and setting the sails.

Schiffsregister

A ship's register is an official record listing all registered vessels of a country. It contains key information about the vessel, such as its name, registration, owner and technical details. Registering a vessel in the ship's register is often a prerequisite for its legal operation and provides protection and legal certainty for the owner.

Schleppleine

Schleppleine (tow line) is a strong rope used to tow a boat or to be towed. It must be sturdy and long enough to safely withstand the forces generated during towing. Tow lines are an important part of the safety equipment and should always be kept within easy reach on board.

Schoner

Schoner (schooner) is a sailing vessel with at least two masts, where the rear mast (mainmast) is the same height as or taller than the forward mast (foremast). Schooners are known for their good manoeuvrability and high speeds and were historically used for both trade and military purposes.

Schot

Schot (sheet) is a line used to control the position of a sail relative to the wind. It is crucial for trimming and the efficiency of the sail.

Schothorn

The Schothorn (clew) is the corner of a sail to which the sheet is attached. It is located at the lower, aft end of the sail and is an important point for trimming and controlling the sail. The Schothorn reinforcement must be particularly robust to withstand the forces acting on it while sailing.

Schott

A Schott (bulkhead) is a vertical partition inside a ship that separates different areas from one another. Schotten contribute to the structural integrity of the ship and can also serve as watertight barriers to prevent water from entering other parts of the ship.

Schotwinsch

A Schotwinsch (sheet winch) is a mechanical device used to trim the sheet. It makes handling easier and allows for precise adjustments.

Schwert

A Schwert (centreboard) is a movable plate that protrudes from the keel of a boat and reduces sideways drift. It improves the boat's stability and directional control.

Schwertkasten

A Schwertkasten (centreboard case) is a trunk in the hull of a boat in which the centreboard can be raised and lowered. It provides protection and guidance for the centreboard.

Schwojen

Schwojen (swinging at anchor) refers to the turning motion of a vessel lying at anchor around its anchor point, caused by wind or current. This movement can change the vessel's position and requires careful monitoring to ensure the vessel remains safe and stable.

Seegang

Seegang (sea state) refers to the wave movements on the water's surface caused by wind and weather conditions. It affects the stability and progress of the boat.

Seekarte

A Seekarte (nautical chart) is a special map used for navigation at sea. It shows depths, coastlines, sea marks and other important information.

Seeklar

Seeklar (ready for sea) means that a boat is ready to put to sea. All equipment and supplies are secured, and the boat is in a safe condition.

Seekrankheit

Seekrankheit (seasickness) is a form of motion sickness caused by the movement of the ship on the water. Symptoms can include nausea, dizziness and vomiting. There are various methods for Prevention and treatment of seasickness, including medication, acupressure and adjusting diet and behaviour on board.

Seemeile

A Seemeile is a unit of measurement for distances at sea and corresponds to approximately 1,852 metres. It is commonly used in navigation.

Seemeilenbestätigung

A Seemeilenbestätigung (nautical mile certificate) is an official document confirming the nautical miles covered and the sailing experience gained by a sailor. This confirmation is often required for obtaining sailing licences or for participation in certain regattas. The Seemeilenbestätigung serves as proof of practical sailing experience and is usually issued by the skipper or a responsible officer.

Seeventil

A Seeventil (seacock) is a valve that controls the flow of water between the inside and the outside of a vessel. It is frequently used in connection with marine toilets, cooling water systems and other on\-board installations. Seeventile must be serviced regularly to ensure they remain watertight and functional.

Segel

A Segel (sail) is a piece of cloth attached to masts and spars that catches the wind to propel the boat. There are various types of Segel, such as the Großsegel (mainsail), the Fock (jib) and the Spinnaker.

Segellatte

A Segellatte (batten) is a flexible strip inserted into the sail to support its shape and prevent flapping. It improves the aerodynamics of the sail.

Segelnummer

The Segelnummer (sail number) is a unique marking on the sail that identifies the boat. It is frequently used at regattas to distinguish between boats.

Segeltrimm

The Segeltrimm (sail trim) covers all the adjustments made to optimise the shape and tension of the sails. Good trim is essential for the sail's efficiency and performance.

Seil

A Seil (rope) is a thick, braided or twisted line used for various tasks on board. It is an indispensable tool on any sailing boat.

Seitenpeilung

A Seitenpeilung (beam bearing) is a navigation method in which the relative position of an object to a vessel is determined by measuring the angle between the object and the vessel's fore\-and\-aft line. This method is used to check and correct the vessel's course and position.

Selbststeueranlage

A Selbststeueranlage (self-steering system) is an automatic steering system that controls the rudder of a sailing boat to hold a given course. It is often used on long\-distance passages to reduce the strain on the crew. There are various types of Selbststeueranlage, including mechanical wind vane systems and electronic autopilots.

Short Range Certificate (SRC)

The Short Range Certificate (SRC) is an internationally recognised radio operator's certificate that authorises the operation of VHF marine radio equipment. It is a requirement for using VHF radios on pleasure craft and yachts. The SRC covers knowledge of radio technology, emergency communication and legal regulations.

Slip

A slip is an inclined ramp used to launch boats into the water or haul them out. It makes launching and recovering boats easier.

Spiere

A Spiere (spar) is a long, slender pole used to support sails and rigging. Examples include the boom and the spinnaker pole.

Spinnaker

A spinnaker is a large, bellied headsail used in broad reaching winds. It provides additional sail area and increases the boat's speed.

Spinnakerbaum

A Spinnakerbaum (spinnaker pole) is a spar used to boom out the spinnaker and control its shape. It is set across the boat.

Spleißen

Spleißen (splicing) is a technique for joining or repairing rope, in which the ends of lines are interwoven to create a strong and permanent connection. There are various splicing techniques, such as the eye splice, the short splice and the long splice, which are used depending on the application and type of rope.

Sportbootführerschein Binnen (SBF-Binnen)

The Sportbootführerschein Binnen is the official licence for operating pleasure craft on rivers, canals and lakes. It can be obtained for both sailing and motor boats and is the foundation for anyone wanting to travel on inland waters.

Sportbootführerschein See (SBF-See)

The Sportbootführerschein See authorises the operation of motorised pleasure craft on maritime shipping routes. It is the officially required licence for coastal waters and often the first step into sea sailing.

Sportküstenschifferschein (SKS)

The Sportküstenschifferschein applies to sailors and motorboat operators who want to travel in coastal waters up to 12 nautical miles. It is voluntary, but many charter companies require it and it is regarded as practical proof of competence.

Sportseeschifferschein (SSS)

The Sportseeschifferschein is an official certificate of competence for voyages in coastal and more distant sea areas. It builds on the knowledge gained for the SKS and is particularly intended for experienced skippers with greater ambitions.

Sporthochseeschifferschein (SHS)

The Sporthochseeschifferschein is the highest official certificate for recreational boaters. It certifies the competence to command yachts on all seas worldwide and is particularly relevant for offshore sailors.

Stabilität

Stabilität (stability) refers to a ship's ability to return to an upright position after heeling (a sideways tilt). It is a decisive factor for the safety and seaworthiness of a ship. Stability is influenced by the design of the hull, the distribution of weight and the draught.

Stag

Stag (stay) is a wire rope that supports the mast fore or aft. It contributes to the stability of the rig.

Stapellauf

Stapellauf (launch) is the ceremonial event at which a new ship is put into the water for the first time. This marks the completion of the construction phase and the beginning of the ship's operational readiness. The launch is often accompanied by a ceremony in which the ship is christened and its name officially announced.

Starlink

Starlink is a satellite-based internet service project by SpaceX that aims to provide fast and reliable internet access worldwide. Through a network of thousands of satellites in low Earth orbit, a stable internet connection is intended to be made possible even in remote and maritime areas. Starlink is particularly interesting for sailors, which rely on a reliable internet connection out at sea.

Steuerbord

Steuerbord Steuerbord (starboard) refers to the right-hand side of a boat when looking from stern to bow. It is an important term for navigation and communication on board.

Steven

Steven (stem/sternpost) is the forward or aft termination of the ship's hull. The bow stem (Vordersteven) and the sternpost (Achtersteven) are important structural elements that contribute to the stability and strength of the vessel. The Steven also influences the hydrodynamics and thus the speed and manoeuvrability of the ship.

Stopfbuchse

Stopfbuchse (stuffing box) is a sealing device that prevents water from entering the engine room of a ship through the shaft. It consists of a housing in which sealing material (often flax fibre or modern synthetic materials) is packed around the shaft. Regular maintenance of the stuffing box is important to prevent leaks.

Sturmsegel

Sturmsegel (storm sail) is a small, robust sail used in strong winds and rough weather conditions. It is designed to withstand the loads of extreme winds and stabilise the boat by reducing sail area, thereby improving control of the boat. Storm sails are an important part of the safety equipment on every sailing boat.

T – from Takelage to Twist

Takelage

Takelage (rigging) comprises all masts, spars, shrouds, stays and lines of a sailing boat. It is crucial for the stability and efficiency of sailing.

Talje

Talje (tackle) is a block and tackle used to lift or move loads. It reduces the force required and makes handling on board easier.

Tau

Tau (rope) is a thick rope used on sailing boats for various tasks, such as mooring, hoisting sails or securing equipment.

Taufel

A Taufel (small light line) is a small, thin rope often used for light tasks such as fastening objects or securing sails.

Tauwerk

Tauwerk (rigging/rope work) refers to all ropes and lines aboard a sailing boat. It includes both thick ropes and thin Taufel, and is essential for the functionality of the boat.

Tide

The Tide (tide) is the regular change in water level in the seas, caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. This change gives rise to the phenomena of low and high tide.

Tidenhub

The Tidenhub (tidal range) refers to the difference between the highest water level (high tide) and the lowest water level (low tide) during a tidal cycle. The Tidenhub varies depending on geographic location and can amount to several metres in some regions.

Tiefgang

The Tiefgang (draught) of a ship is the vertical distance from the deepest point of the hull to the waterline. It determines how deep a vessel sits in the water and which waters it can navigate.

Tjalk

A Tjalk (traditional Dutch sailing barge) is a traditional Dutch sailing boat originally developed for cargo transport on inland waterways and near the coast. It is characterised by its flat bottom and broad hull, giving it a high loading capacity and the ability to navigate in shallow waters. The Tjalk typically has a gaff sail and can be fitted with either a mast or lee boards. Today, these boats are often used as leisure and houseboats and are valued for their stability and traditional charm.

Törnfinder

Toernfinder.de is a website that helps sailors find suitable sailing trips. The platform offers a wide range of sailing offers in various sailing areas worldwide. Users can search for trips based on their preferences such as destination, duration, boat type and other criteria. Toernfinder.de makes planning and organising sailing trips, by providing detailed information on the available trips, experience reports from other sailors and direct ways to get in touch with providers of sailing trips . The website is a valuable tool for anyone wanting to plan their next sailing trip or watersports holiday efficiently and comfortably.

Trapez

A Trapez (trapeze) is a device that allows the crew to lean out sideways from the boat in order to stabilise it and reduce heeling. It is often used on dinghies and catamarans.

Traveller

A Traveller is a track running across the cockpit on which the mainsheet is fastened. It allows precise trimming of the mainsail.

Treibanker

A Treibanker (drogue/sea anchor) is thrown into the water to slow a boat's drift. It is often used in strong wind or current.

Treibholz

Treibholz (driftwood) refers to pieces of wood floating in the water that can pose a hazard to navigation. It is important to avoid driftwood to prevent damage to the boat.

Trimaran

A Trimaran is a sailing boat with three hulls arranged in parallel. This design offers high stability and speed, as the side hulls reduce the boat's heeling (sideways tilting). Trimarans are especially popular for offshore regattas.

Trimm

Trimm (trim) refers to the adjustment of the sails and rig in order to optimise the boat's efficiency and performance. Good trim is crucial for sailing performance.

Trimmklappe

A Trimmklappe (trim tab) is a movable flap at the stern of a boat, used to change the boat's attitude in the water and improve stability.

Trimmleine

A Trimmleine (trim line) is a line used to regulate the tension and shape of a sail. It is crucial for the sail's efficiency and control.

Trockenfallen

Trockenfallen (drying out) refers to the state of a vessel when it sits aground at low water and the water has completely receded. This can occur in tidal zones and requires special precautions to avoid damage to the vessel.

Trosse

A Trosse (hawser) is a thick, strong rope used for heavy-duty tasks such as mooring large boats or towing.

Trysegel

A Trysegel is a small, strong sail (trysail) that is set in extreme weather conditions. It reduces the sail area and helps keep the boat stable and manoeuvrable when the wind strength is too high for normal sails.

Tuch

Tuch (sailcloth) is the material from which sails are made. It is usually made of robust, lightweight fabric such as Dacron or Mylar.

Tuchfarbe

Tuchfarbe (sailcloth colour) is the colour of the sailcloth, which is often chosen for aesthetic reasons or for better visibility. Different colours can also have different material properties.

Tuchgewicht

Tuchgewicht (cloth weight) is the weight of the sailcloth per square metre. It affects the handling and performance of the sail and is chosen according to the area of use and weather conditions.

Tuchqualität

Tuchqualität (cloth quality) refers to the material properties and workmanship of the sailcloth. High-quality cloth offers better performance and durability, but is often more expensive.

Tuchspannung

Tuchspannung (cloth tension) refers to the tension of the sailcloth, which is regulated by trimming the sails. Correct cloth tension is crucial for the shape and efficiency of the sail.

Tuchstärke

Tuchstärke (cloth thickness) is the thickness of the sailcloth and affects the durability and performance of the sail. Thicker cloths are more robust, but also heavier.

Tuchstreifen

A Tuchstreifen (cloth strip) is a narrow strip of sailcloth used to reinforce or repair sails. It is often applied along the edges or seams.

Tuchverbindung

A Tuchverbindung (sail seam) is a stitching or bonding method used to join pieces of sailcloth together. It must be particularly robust and durable to withstand the stresses.

Tuchveredelung

Tuchveredelung (fabric finishing) involves special treatments and coatings that make the sailcloth more resistant to UV radiation, dirt and water. It extends the lifespan of the sail.

Twist

Twist refers to the twisting of a sail along its vertical axis. The twist is influenced by the trim of the sail and can significantly affect the sail's efficiency and performance. Good control of the twist is important for the optimal sail shape and speed.

U – from U-Boot to U-Spant

U-Boot

A U-Boot (submarine) is a watercraft designed for use underwater. It can have both military and civilian applications. In sailing, the U-Boot plays no direct role, but it is a fascinating aspect of the maritime world.

UBI (UKW-Sprechfunkzeugnis Binnen)

The UBI is the official radio licence for the use of VHF radio equipment on inland waters. It is mandatory as soon as a radio set is on board, and is internationally recognised.

UKW-Funk

UKW-Funk (VHF radio) is a communication system based on ultra-high frequency waves. It is often used in shipping to stay in contact with other vessels or coastal stations and exchange important information.

Umdrehen

Umdrehen (turning around) is a simple manoeuvre in which the boat changes direction by 180 degrees. It is often used to return to the starting point or to avoid obstacles.

Umlegen

Umlegen (shifting) refers to the manoeuvre of moving a sail or line from one side of the boat to the other. This is often necessary to optimise the sail trim or carry out manoeuvres.

Unterschiff

The Unterschiff (underwater hull) is another term for the Unterwasserschiff.

Unterschneiden

Unterschneiden (rounding up too soon) refers to the manoeuvre in which a sailing boat turns into the wind too early when tacking or gybing and loses speed as a result.

Unterliek

The Unterliek (foot of the sail) is the lower edge of a sail.

Unterliekstrecker

The Unterliekstrecker (outhaul) is a line used to tension the foot of a sail.

Unterwasserschiff

The Unterwasserschiff (underwater hull) is the part of the vessel's hull that lies below the waterline.

Unterwanten

Unterwanten (lower shrouds) are standing rigging wires that support the mast laterally and provide stability for the rig.

Untiefe

An Untiefe (shallow water/shoal) is a shallow area of water that can pose a danger to shipping.

Umspannen

Umspannen (re-positioning lines) refers to changing the position of lines or sheets in order to optimise the sail trim.

Umwälzpumpe

An Umwälzpumpe (circulation pump) is a pump used to circulate liquids such as cooling water or bilge water in the vessel.

U-Spant

A U-Spant (U-frame) is a hull shape with a U-shaped cross-section. This construction offers good stability and is commonly used in sailing boats.

V – from Vendée Globe to V-Spant

Vendée Globe

The Vendée Globe is one of the toughest and most prestigious solo sailing regattas in the world. It takes participants non-stop and without outside assistance right around the globe. The regatta starts and finishes in Les Sables-d'Olonne in France and takes place every four years. Due to the extreme conditions and the long duration of around three months, the Vendée Globe is considered one of the greatest challenges in the sport of sailing.

Verdrängen

Verdrängen (displacement) refers to the movement of a ship through the water, whereby the ship pushes the water aside and creates space for itself. This is a fundamental principle of ship movement.

Verdrängerfahrt

Verdrängerfahrt (displacement mode) refers to the state of a ship in which it lies fully in the water and displaces the water to the sides in order to move forward. This is in contrast to planing, in which the ship is partially lifted out of the water. Displacement mode is typical for larger ships and offers a stable and comfortable ride, albeit at a lower speed compared to planing.

Verdrängung

Verdrängung (displacement) is the weight of the water that a ship displaces when it lies in the water. It is often measured in tonnes and gives an indication of the ship's stability and load-bearing capacity.

Verkatten

Verkatten (mooring with two anchors) refers to the manoeuvre in which a ship is stabilised by setting an additional anchor. This is often carried out in situations with strong wind or strong current to keep the ship safely in place. The additional anchor is set at a certain angle to the main anchor to increase stability.

Verklicker

A Verklicker (telltale) is a small wind indicator attached to the shrouds or mast of a sailing boat. These small flags or wind indicators help the sailor to better recognise the wind direction and strength and trim the sails accordingly. Verklicker are particularly useful for fine-tuning the sails and thus maximising the efficiency and speed of the boat. They are an indispensable aid for any sailor wishing to improve their sailing performance.

Verholen

Verholen (warping) refers to manoeuvring a vessel over short distances, often within a harbour or marina. This can be done by towing, punting or with the help of lines.

Vermessen

Vermessen (measuring/rating) refers to the precise determination of a vessel's dimensions and characteristics. This is particularly important for regattas, to ensure that all participating boats comply with the class rules.

Vertäuen

Vertäuen (mooring) refers to securing a vessel at a berth, jetty or buoy. This is done by attaching lines to fix the boat safely in place and prevent it from drifting.

Volvo Ocean Race

The Volvo Ocean Race is one of the toughest and most prestigious offshore regattas in the world. It takes participants around the globe in several stages and places the highest demands on sailors and equipment.

Vorleine

The Vorleine (bow line) is a line attached to the bow of a vessel, used to secure the boat. It helps to keep the boat in position, especially when berthing.

Vorschoter

The Vorschoter (foredeck hand/headsail trimmer) is the crew member responsible for operating the headsails such as the jib or genoa. They work closely with the helmsman to trim the sails optimally.

Vorspring

A Vorspring is a line that runs from the bow of the vessel diagonally backwards to a mooring point on land or on a jetty. It is used to secure the ship lengthways and prevent it from drifting forwards or backwards.

Vorsteven

The Vorsteven (stem) is the forward part of the hull that forms the bow. It is an important structural component and influences the hydrodynamics of the vessel.

Vorwindkurs

A Vorwindkurs (running course) is a point of sail on which the boat sails with the wind coming directly from astern.

Vorstag

The Vorstag (forestay) is therefore an indispensable part of the rigging, contributing both to the structural integrity of the boat and to sailing performance. Its correct maintenance and adjustment are essential for safe and efficient sailing.

Functions and importance:

• Stabilising the mast: The forestay plays a central role in holding the mast in its vertical position. Together with other stays (e.g. the backstay), it ensures that the mast does not tip or move excessively.
• Attaching the headsail: In many cases, the forestay serves as an attachment point for the headsail, such as the jib or genoa. The sail is hoisted and fixed along the forestay, which gives it the shape and tension it needs to catch the wind effectively and propel the boat forward.
• Materials and construction: Forestays are usually made from sturdy materials such as stainless steel wire or synthetic fibres that can withstand high tensile loads.
• Trim and adjustment: The tension of the forestay can often be adjusted to optimise sailing performance. By adjusting the forestay tension, the curvature of the mast and the shape of the headsail can be influenced, which is important for different wind conditions.

Vorsegel

The Vorsegel (headsail) is a sail set forward of the mast, such as the jib or the genoa. It contributes significantly to the boat's propulsive power.

Vorschot

The Vorschot (jib sheet) is the line used to trim the headsail and adjust its position relative to the wind. It is crucial for controlling and optimising the sail's efficiency.

Vorliek

The Vorliek (luff) is the leading edge of a sail, attached to the mast or forestay. It plays an important role in trimming and shaping the sail.

Vordeck

The Vordeck (foredeck) is the forward part of a ship's deck. It provides space for anchor and headsail manoeuvres and often serves as a working area for the crew.

Vor dem Wind

Vor dem Wind (running before the wind) means sailing with the wind coming directly from behind. This is a fast way to sail, but it is prone to uncontrolled manoeuvres such as an accidental gybe.

VMG (Velocity Made Good)

VMG is the speed at which a boat makes progress towards its destination. It takes into account both the boat's speed and its course relative to the wind, and is an important factor for efficient navigation.

V-Spant

A V-Spant (V-shaped frame) is a hull shape in which the cross-section of the ship's hull has a V-shape. This design offers a good combination of stability and speed, as it cuts through the water efficiently while still providing a stable platform.

W – From Wache to Winsch

Wache

The Wache (watch) is the period of time during which a particular crew is responsible for navigation, steering and monitoring on board a ship. Watches are usually organised in shifts of four to six hours to ensure continuous monitoring and operation of the vessel.

Wahrer Wind

The wahre Wind (true wind) is the wind that blows independently of the vessel's movement. It differs from the apparent wind, which results from the combination of the true wind and the wind caused by the boat's own motion.

Wahrschau

Wahrschau (look out/watch out) is a traditional call used to warn other crew members of an impending danger or obstacle. It is an important part of communication on board a vessel, helping to prevent accidents and collisions.

Wanten

Wanten (shrouds) are wire ropes or strong lines that support and stabilise the mast of a sailing boat from the sides. They are an essential part of the rigging and contribute to the structural integrity of the boat. Wanten run from the sides of the boat to the mast and are usually adjustable via rigging screws to ensure the correct tension. This tension is important for securing the stability of the mast and trimming the sails efficiently. Wanten can be made from various materials such as stainless steel or modern synthetic fibres and must be regularly checked for wear and corrosion.

Wantenspanner

A Wantenspanner (rigging screw/turnbuckle) is a mechanical device used to regulate the tension in a sailing boat's shrouds. Shrouds are the wire ropes that support the mast from the sides. The rigging screw allows precise adjustment of the tension to ensure the stability of the mast.

Warmfront

A Warmfront (warm front) is a weather front where warm air meets and displaces cold air. It usually brings milder temperatures and precipitation and affects sailing conditions.

Waschbord

The Waschbord (toe rail/washboard) is a raised edge along the deck line of a vessel that serves to prevent water from entering the deck. It protects the crew and equipment from spray and contributes to safety on board.

Wasserlinie

The Wasserlinie (waterline) is the line at which the surface of the water touches the hull of a vessel. It marks the point up to which the ship sits in the water and influences the stability and draught of the vessel.

Wegerecht

The Wegerecht (right of way) is a rule in maritime traffic that determines which vessel has priority in a given situation. It is important to know and follow the right-of-way rules in order to avoid collisions and ensure safety at sea.

Wegpunkt

The Wegpunkt (waypoint) is a specific position on a navigation route that serves as an intermediate destination or point of reference. Waypoints are used to plan a vessel's course and ensure that it stays on the right track.

Wellenhöhe

The Wellenhöhe (wave height) is the vertical measurement between the wave trough and the wave crest. It is an important factor for navigation and safety at sea, as high waves can impair the stability and manoeuvrability of a vessel.

Weltzeit

The Weltzeit (universal time), also known as UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), is the standardised time that serves as a reference for timekeeping worldwide. It is important for navigation and communication at sea, as it provides a uniform time basis.

Wende

The Wende (tack) is a sailing manoeuvre in which the bow of a sailing boat is turned through the wind in order to change course. It is a fundamental manoeuvre that every sailor should master in order to sail effectively against the wind.

Windfahne

A Windfahne (wind vane) is an instrument that indicates wind direction. It consists of a rotating vane that aligns itself with the direction of the wind. Wind vanes are important aids for navigation and sail trim.

Windrichtung

The Windrichtung (wind direction) is the direction from which the wind is blowing. It is given in degrees or compass points and is a decisive factor for navigation and sail trim.

Windsee

Windsee (wind sea) refers to the waves generated by wind on the surface of the water. It can significantly affect the navigation and stability of a vessel.

Windstärke

Windstärke (wind strength) is a measure of the intensity of the wind and is usually measured on the Beaufort scale. It ranges from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane) and influences sailing conditions and manoeuvres.

Winsch

A Winsch (winch) is a mechanical device used to tension or release lines or sheets aboard a sailing boat. It consists of a drum and a crank mechanism and makes hoisting and trimming the sails easier.

X – from XTD to XTE

XTD (Cross Track Distance)

The Cross Track Distance (XTD) is the maximum permissible deviation from the planned route that a vessel may have before a course correction becomes necessary. This distance is usually set by the navigator and depends on various factors such as the width of the fairway, the current weather conditions and safety considerations. Staying within the XTD limits ensures that the vessel navigates safely and efficiently and avoids potential danger zones.

XTE (Cross Track Error)

The Cross Track Error (XTE) is a navigational term describing a vessel's deviation from its planned course. It indicates how far the vessel has drifted sideways from the ideal route. A positive value means the vessel is to the right of the planned route, while a negative value indicates it is to the left. The XTE display helps the navigator bring the vessel back on course and maximise the efficiency of the voyage.

Y – From Yacht to Yawl

Yacht

A yacht is a large sailing or motor boat, often luxuriously fitted out, used for leisure and sporting purposes. Yachts come in various sizes and configurations and offer high levels of comfort and performance.

Yachthafen

A yachthafen (marina) is a specially equipped harbour for yachts and sports boats. It offers berths, supply and repair facilities as well as various services for boat owners.

Yardstick

The Yardstick is a rating system for sailing boats that makes their performance and speed comparable. It is used to enable fair competitions between different types of boats. Each boat is given a Yardstick number, which is based on its theoretical performance capability. This number is used to correct a boat's sailed time so as to assess its actual performance in comparison with other boats.

Yawl

A Yawl is a sailing boat with two masts, in which the rear mast (mizzen mast) is smaller and stands behind the helm position. This design provides additional sail area and improves manoeuvrability.

Z – from Zeising to Zyklone

Zeising

A Zeising (gasket/tie-down line) is a short line or strap used to secure sails, equipment or other items on board. Zeisinge are versatile and contribute to safety on board.

Zenit

The Zenit (zenith) is the point in the sky directly above the observer. In astro-navigation, the Zenit is an important reference point for determining the position of celestial bodies. The altitude of a celestial body above the horizon is often measured in relation to the Zenit.

Zinkanode

A Zinkanode (zinc anode) is a sacrificial anode made of zinc that is fitted to ship hulls or other metal parts to prevent corrosion. It protects the metal parts by corroding itself, thereby preserving the underlying metal from damage. Zinkanoden must be checked regularly and replaced.

Zirkumpolar

Zirkumpolar (circumpolar) refers to stars or constellations that are visible in the sky all year round and never set. These stars are important reference points in astro-navigation.

Zugvogel

The Zugvogel is a sporty sailing dinghy used for regattas and recreational sailing. It stands out for its good sailing performance and easy handling, and is very popular among sailors.

Zulu-Zeit

Zulu-Zeit (Zulu time), also known as UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), is the standardised time that serves as a reference for timekeeping worldwide. It is important for navigation and communication at sea.

Zurren

Zurren (lashing) refers to securing equipment and cargo on board a vessel to prevent it from shifting or being damaged in rough seas. This is an important aspect of safety on board.

Zweimaster

A Zweimaster (two-masted boat) is a sailing boat with two masts. These types of boats offer various sail configurations and can be used for both recreational and professional purposes. Zweimaster are known for their good manoeuvrability and versatile applications.

Zyklone

Zyklone (cyclones) are large-scale, swirling weather systems characterised by low air pressure. They can cause strong winds, heavy rainfall and high waves, posing a considerable danger to shipping. Zyklone occur in various parts of the world and can have different names, such as hurricanes or typhoons.